Many individualscite the Seneca Falls Convention held in Seneca Falls, New York to be the beginning of the women's movement in America. However, the idea for the convention came about at another protest meeting: the in London. At that convention, the female delegates were not allowed to participate in the debates. wrote in her diary that even though the convention was titled a 'World' convention, "that was mere poetical license." She had accompanied her husband to London, but had to sit behind a partition with other ladies such as . They took a dim view of their treatment, or rather mistreatment, and the idea of a women's convention was born.

很多人把在紐約州塞內(nèi)加瀑布召開的塞內(nèi)卡瀑布大會(huì)引證為美國(guó)婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的開始。然而，這次大會(huì)的思想是卻在另一次抗議集會(huì)上形成的，那就是1840年在倫敦舉行的世界反奴隸制大會(huì)。在那次會(huì)上，婦女代表不允許參加辯論。柳克麗霞?莫特在她的日記中寫道，即使這次大會(huì)被冠為“世界大會(huì)”，“也不過是一張富于詩(shī)意的特許證”。她是陪著自己的丈夫去倫敦的，但她不得不與伊麗沙白?凱蒂?斯坦頓那樣的女士坐在一個(gè)隔板后。她們對(duì)自己受到的待遇，或毋寧說虐待，感到悲觀和沮喪，舉辦婦女大會(huì)的想法由此誕生。

In the interim between the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention and the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton composed the , a document declaring the rights of women modeled on the . It is worth noting that upon showing her Declaration to her husband, Mr. Stanton was less than pleased. He stated that if she read the Declaration at the Seneca Falls Convention, he would leave town.

在1840年世界反奴隸制大會(huì)和1848年塞內(nèi)加瀑布大會(huì)之間的時(shí)期，伊麗莎白?凱蒂?斯坦頓整理出《感情宣言》的思想。它是以《獨(dú)立宣言》為范本的宣布婦女權(quán)利的文件。值得注意的是，她剛把自己的宣言展示給丈夫，斯坦頓先生就顯得不甚愉快。他表示，如果她在塞內(nèi)卡瀑布大會(huì)上宣讀此宣言，他就離開這個(gè)小城。

The contained several resolutions including that a man should not withhold a woman's rights, take her property or refuse to allow her to vote. The 300 participants spent July 19th and 20th arguing, refining and voting on the Declaration. Most of the resolutions received unanimous support. However, the right to vote had many dissenters including one very prominent figure, Lucretia Mott.

《感情宣言》包括幾項(xiàng)決議，包括：男人不應(yīng)該剝奪婦女的權(quán)利，不能占有他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)、不許拒絕婦女參加選舉。7月19日和20日，300名與會(huì)者對(duì)宣言進(jìn)行了辯論、潤(rùn)色和投票。所有決議都獲得一致的支持。但在婦女選舉權(quán)問題上，很多人持有異議，其中包括著名人物柳克麗霞?莫特。

The convention was treated with scorn from all corners. The press and religious leaders denounced the happenings at Seneca Falls. However, a positive report was printed at the office of The North Star, Frederick Douglass' newspaper.

這次大會(huì)遭到四面八方的嘲笑。報(bào)社和宗教領(lǐng)袖譴責(zé)了塞內(nèi)卡瀑布發(fā)生的事情。但是，弗雷德里克?道戈拉斯的報(bào)紙《北方之星》的辦公室印發(fā)了一篇正面的報(bào)導(dǎo)。

Many leaders of the Women's Movement were also leaders in the Abolitionist Movement and vice-versa. However, the two movements while occurring at approximately the same time were in fact very different. While the abolitionist movement was fighting a tradition of tyranny against the African-American, the women's movement was fighting a tradition of protection.

很多婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也是廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖，反之亦然。但是，雖然這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)大約同時(shí)興起，但實(shí)質(zhì)上迥然不同。廢奴主義者是反對(duì)針對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的專制主義傳統(tǒng)而戰(zhàn)，而婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)是為反對(duì)（針對(duì)婦女的）防范傳統(tǒng)而戰(zhàn)。

Many men and women felt that each sex had its own place in the world. Women were to be protected from such things as voting and politics. The difference between the two movements is emphasized by the fact that it took women 50 more years to achieve suffrage than it did African-American men.

許多男人和婦女覺得兩性在這個(gè)世界上各有位置。婦女被排除在諸如選舉和政治之外。兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同之處，因以下事實(shí)得到進(jìn)一步彰顯：婦女比黑人男子晚五十年才獲得選舉權(quán)。

歷史理解要點(diǎn)：

1．美國(guó)建立至內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前，特別是19世紀(jì)40年代，隨著奴隸制問題的激化，婦女的政治權(quán)利問題隨之也逐漸凸現(xiàn)出來，而且兩者有相互重合的趨勢(shì)。

2．但因政治、社會(huì)和宗教等原因，美國(guó)社會(huì)早已形成一種防止婦女參與政治的強(qiáng)大傳統(tǒng)。甚至普通的婦女大眾們，自己都認(rèn)為婦女天生就不應(yīng)參與政治，否則便超越了自己的社會(huì)角色。這些阻力造成的后果是：婦女獲得選舉權(quán)這一重要的政治權(quán)利，比黑人男子還要晚半個(gè)世紀(jì)。

本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.yy-art.cn/chuzhong/54060.html

相關(guān)閱讀：先秦思想的人文精神