【—之主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種。下面就是老師為同學(xué)們帶來(lái)的對(duì)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詳細(xì)講解,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
總結(jié)
語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的,要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如:We speak Chinese in China.在中國(guó)我們說(shuō)漢語(yǔ);如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的,則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中國(guó)漢語(yǔ)被我們說(shuō)。
一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)方法 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單,可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟:
1. 將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);
2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?ldquo;be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”,并通過(guò)be的變化來(lái)表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài);
3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ),組成介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。(有時(shí)by的短語(yǔ)可以省略);
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 A new shop was built last year.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Young trees must be watered often.
6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成:am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
三、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),須加上to。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ),那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞,這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
常見(jiàn)考法
對(duì)于語(yǔ)態(tài)考查,多以單選、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的能力。一般情況下,會(huì)綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),這時(shí),要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài),然后再確定語(yǔ)態(tài)。
典型例題:–Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry, I have no idea.
A invents B invented C is invented D was invented
解析:題干的意思是“你能告訴我收音機(jī)是誰(shuí)發(fā)明的嗎?”,發(fā)明收音機(jī)是過(guò)去的事,所以用過(guò)去時(shí),排除 A和C;而radio和invent 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除B
答案:D
誤區(qū)提醒
有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“to”,這一點(diǎn)我們必須注意。
典型例題:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
解析:這是2007年濟(jì)南的中考題。“看到某人做某事”為see sb.do sth.。句中動(dòng)詞原形是省略to的不定式,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要還原to。
答案:A
上述是對(duì)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詳細(xì)講解,有不懂得可以參考例句和同學(xué)們一起討論一下哦!
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