八年級(jí)(下)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
(Section A)
教師寄語(yǔ):Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣,事事皆不難。
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1) 單詞與短語(yǔ)neither,amusement,character,Disneyland, mickey ouse, Donald Duck, seen, theme, attraction, roller coaster, cruise, board, on board, route, end up, island,especially
2)目標(biāo)句型:
1. —Have you ever been to…? —Yes,I have. /No,I haven’t.
2. I/He/She has / have never been to…
3. Where have you been?
3) 語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1.教學(xué)重點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
2.教學(xué)難點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
三、知識(shí)鏈接
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
四、學(xué)法指導(dǎo):
通過(guò)小組合作學(xué)習(xí),探究討論,結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案及相關(guān)資料理解各知識(shí)點(diǎn),掌握本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。
五、導(dǎo)學(xué)過(guò)程:
1. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員預(yù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員通讀本from page 69 to 70,理解其含義并完成表格。
3. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員熟讀,并指定堂朗讀人選。
4. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員找出本(from page 69 to 70)的重要短語(yǔ)、句子。 并指定堂展示人選。
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(The Present Perfect Tense)
(一)用法
▲現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去,又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在:動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的,結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。
He has cleaned the blackboard. Look! The blackboard is so clean no
(他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。)這句話(huà)所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種(過(guò)去 現(xiàn)在),故其用法有兩種。(涉及兩個(gè)時(shí)間)
1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,沒(méi)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的。
I closed the door just no
The door is closed noI have closed the door.
(關(guān)門(mén)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,未延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,只是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響,即強(qiáng)調(diào)門(mén)現(xiàn)在關(guān)上了。)
影響
past now future
Someone has broken the windo 有人把窗戶(hù)打破了。(窗戶(hù)現(xiàn)在仍然還是破的)
He's been ill. 他剛生過(guò)病。(指現(xiàn)在他的臉色還不好。)
I have posted the photos.(強(qiáng)調(diào)照片不在我這了。)
I have had my lunch. (強(qiáng)調(diào)我現(xiàn)在不餓了。)
標(biāo)志詞:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)第一種用法常用already, yet, just, never, ever, before等adv.作狀語(yǔ)。
1)already,用于肯定句句中或句尾。變否、問(wèn)句時(shí),already變成yet.
I have already posted the photos.
I have posted the photos already.
2) yet, 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,位于句尾或助V.后。yet在否定句中意為“還,仍然”;在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”。
I haven’t yet posted the photos.
Have you posted the photos yet? No, not yet.
*I have already finished my work.(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句)
I haven’t finished my work _________.
Have you finished you work _________?
3) before, 用于句尾,單獨(dú)使用。(ago不獨(dú)用,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí))
Have you read the book before?
I’ve never seen such a person before.
4) just, ever, never用于助V.后,行為V.前。
ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,常用句型Have you ever...? 其否定回答常用never。
例:Have you ever been to Beijing? (否定回答) Never.
I have just / ever / never seen the film.
2. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能繼續(xù)下去。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,句中常帶有表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:since結(jié)構(gòu),for+一段時(shí)間,recently, lately, these days; in the last / past three years by the end of …,(到……為止)so far (到目前為止), by now=up to now, today等。
She’s been there for over two years 她在那兩年多了。
They’ve lived here since 1989/ since they came to this city.
I have learned about 2000 English words so far.
注意:常用How long …..? 提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間。
持續(xù)
past now future
(二)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu): have/has+過(guò)去分詞
1)have/has 是助V. has是三單形式
2) 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成
A)規(guī)則構(gòu)成 + ed (構(gòu)成方法同過(guò)去式構(gòu)成)
a)直加ed work—worked play—played stay—stayed pass—passed
b)去加ed或直加d, like—liked live—lived
c)雙寫(xiě)加ed, stop—stopped drop—dropped shop—shopped trip—tripped ship—shipped plan—planned
d) 輔y變i加ed, study—studied cry—cried worry—worried
B) 不規(guī)則構(gòu)成 本最后一頁(yè)—不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。
C) +ed讀音 __________________________________________________________
(三) 句型
*肯定句:1)We have finished our homework.
2)She has seen the film.
變否定句:______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
變一般疑問(wèn)句并回答:_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
否定回答有時(shí)也可用“No,not yet.”或“No,never.”
劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn)(特殊疑問(wèn)句):_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3) He has done his homework for three hours.(劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn))
________________________________________________________
(四)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作可持續(xù)一段時(shí)間,可和for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作不能持久,一瞬間就結(jié)束,不能延續(xù),或表示一次性動(dòng)作,也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞。不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 come, go, leave, begin, start, arrive, reach, see, die, join, get up, borrow, lend, buy, finish, end, become, hear from等。
*判斷正誤如有錯(cuò)誤并改正:
He has come back. ( )___________________________________
He has come back for 3 days. ( )___________________________________
I have borrowed the book. ( )___________________________________
I have borrowed the book since last week. ( )____________________________
I have got up for an hour. ( )____________________________
He has died for 10 years. ( )____________________________
3)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式已成為一種可延續(xù)性狀態(tài),可以和for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
I haven’t seen him for a long time. / since he left.
I haven’t heard from him for half a year.
I haven’t borrowed books for two months.
4) 非延續(xù)性V. 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性V.,有以下幾種情況:
a)用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
buy—have; borrow—keep/have; put on—wear; catch(get) a cold—have a cold; come/go/become—be
b)轉(zhuǎn)換成“be + n.”形式
join the Party—be a Party member join the army—be a soldier
go to school—be a student
c)轉(zhuǎn)換成“be + adj./adv.”形式
die—be dead; finish—be over; begin—be on; leave—be away; fall asleep—be asleep; wake up—be awake; get up—be up; close—be closed; open—be open
d) 轉(zhuǎn)換成“be + 介詞短”語(yǔ)形式
go to school—be in school; join the army—be in the army
5)Practice:
a)他回已三天了。
b)他離家已有兩個(gè)月了。
c)他父親已死了三年了。
d)他已睡了一小時(shí)了。
e)這場(chǎng)電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一小時(shí)了。
六、學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)
我的收獲:_________________________________________________
七、達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè):翻譯下列句子
1)----你哥哥參軍了嗎?
----他參軍了。
----他什么時(shí)候參軍的?
----他是1990年參軍的。他參軍已5年了。
2)----你父親去哪了?
----他去美國(guó)了。他是3年前去的。他在那兒已呆了3年了。
3) ——I ________ an English-Chinese dictionary.
——When______ you______ it? ——Yesterday afternoon.
A. have bought , did , buy B. buy , do , buy
C. have bought, will, buy D. buy, have, buy
八、布置作業(yè)《同步練習(xí)冊(cè)》SectionA部分.
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