14. do the right thing 做得對(duì)
15. come across
1. be understood;
He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come across.
2. make an impression;
She came across well/badly in interviews.
He came across as a sympathetic person.
3. meet or find sb/sth by chance = run into
I came across some old photos in a drawer.
16. fight against 與…作斗爭(zhēng)／打架／打仗 fight n.
fight with; fight for
17. believe 和believe in
believe in 信仰 (真理；宗教；原則)
信任= trust in；trust；have trust in
信賴(lài)=rely on
I believe him, but I don’t believe in/trust (in) him.
我相信他所說(shuō)的話，但我不信任他/相信他的人格/能力。
Do you believe in God?
believe和trust
believe sb/what sb said 相信某人（所說(shuō)的話）
believe ...to be... 認(rèn)為...是...
believe...to have done 認(rèn)為/相信...做過(guò)某事
believe that... 相信；認(rèn)為
trust that...
I believe/trust that you will join us. (trust比believe語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng))
I believe him to be an honest man.
=I believe that he is an honest man.
I believe him to have passed the exam.
=I believe that he has passed the exam.
I can’t trust that boy out of my sight.
我一看不見(jiàn)那個(gè)孩子就不放心。
18. grow up to be... 長(zhǎng)大后成為...
19. share the same goal 有著共同目標(biāo)
20.be strong in heart and mind 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，頭腦聰明
THE QUESTION
21. whisper sth to sb 小聲／悄悄給某人說(shuō)
whisper sth in one's ear 咬耳朵
in a whisper 小聲地
22. as if 好像
23. not all = all not 并不都
not every = every...not 并非每個(gè)...都
not both=both not 并非兩個(gè)都...
...not all of them were safe.=...all of them were not safe.
Not both of the students are good at English.
=Both of the students are not good at English.
完全否定：None of the rooms are safe.
Neither of the students is good at English.
24. if only 要是…就好了
If only my mother were here with me.
25. be about to do sth when… 正要…這時(shí)…
26. turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身
27. walk/run up to; go/come up to 上前去
28. go past 從...的旁邊過(guò)去
WORKBOOK EXERCISES
29. play a trick on sb. 給某人惡作劇
30. apologize to sb for sth 向某人道歉
make an apology to sb.
31.(1) 擺脫…的習(xí)慣
get out of the habit (of doing sth) ;
get rid of the habit of
break off the habit of
(2) 養(yǎng)成…的習(xí)慣
get/fall into the habit (of doing sth)
form the/a habit (of doing sth)
(3) 有…的習(xí)慣
have the/a habit of
be in the /a habit of
32. TV series 電視連續(xù)劇
33. primary school 小學(xué) elementary school
34. Attention, please, I have an announcement to make.
請(qǐng)大家注意，我要宣布一個(gè)通知。
May I have your attention, please? 請(qǐng)大家注意啦!
35. run after 追趕；追求；追捕
BOOK MAFIC
36. be similar to 與…相似 the same as 和...一樣
37. in other words 換句話說(shuō) in one’s own words
38. just like us doing what we do 就像我們做我們的事
=just as we do what we do
39. come (back) to life 蘇醒；復(fù)蘇；恢復(fù)生機(jī)
bring sb (back) to life 使...蘇醒；使...恢復(fù)生機(jī)
40. in a way 在某種程度上
41. lose oneself in = be lost in 沉浸于； 沉醉于
Lost in thought, he almost knocked into a tree.
42. be eager/anxious to do sth 迫切地/渴望要做某事
be eager for/about/after 渴望得到
be anxious about 為...擔(dān)憂；焦慮
long for 渴望得到 be dying for
Book two
高一下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)詞匯
1.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該
2.keep up with跟上，趕上
3.plenty of許多，大量的（作定語(yǔ)）
4.in plenty許多，豐富（作狀語(yǔ)）
5.make a choice做出選擇
6.now and then偶爾，時(shí)而
7.prepare a dish做一道菜
8.a balance diet均衡飲食
9.be/go on diet在節(jié)食
no longer不再
10.be based on/upon以…為基礎(chǔ)
take medicine吃藥
11.be harmful to對(duì)…有害
12.offer advise about/on提…的建議
13.lose weight減肥
14.cut …into pieces把…切碎
15.gain weight=put on weight增肥
16.make up for補(bǔ)償
17.get along with和…相處
18.put up with忍受
19.go for sb對(duì)某人也一樣
20.in large amount大批地
21.be short of=be lacking of 缺乏，缺少
22.do up one’s hair做發(fā)型
23.refer to查閱，提到
24.settle down定下心來(lái)，安家落戶
25.settle up付清，結(jié)賬
26.settle for勉強(qiáng)同意，接受
27.settle in（使）習(xí)慣（環(huán)境等）
28.settle on定居（短暫停留）
of high/good quality高質(zhì)量的
29.sign an agreement with…與…達(dá)成協(xié)
30.in relation to與…有關(guān)的 but for要不是
31.thanks to由于，幸虧
32.apart from除…之外
33.hand down傳下來(lái)
34.and so on等等
35.in ancient time在古代
36.go against違背
37.guide to（介詞）指導(dǎo)
38.of (no) effect（無(wú)）效
39.take effect生效，奏效
40.bring/carry…into/to effect實(shí)施
41.come/go into effect開(kāi)始實(shí)施
42.depend on/upon依靠
43.That/It (all) depends.這很難說(shuō)。
i.stand for代表
44.in condition身體好
45.out of condition身體不好
46.on condition that….如果，條件是
47.in/under favorable conditions在有利形勢(shì)下
48.bring in引進(jìn)，賺錢(qián)
a)year after year年復(fù)一年
49.Point out指出
50.make use of利用
51.tongue twister繞口令
a)be on good terms (with sb.)關(guān)系好
52.drive off開(kāi)走，擊退
53.look on…as把…看作…
54.Ahead of更前，更早
55.give sb a hand給某人幫助
56.Get through通過(guò)，到達(dá)
57.tear down拆毀
58.Hold up舉起
59.Intend to do sth打算做某事
60.Intend to have done本想做（而沒(méi)能做）
61.Intend…for…=be intended for…供……用
62.Dress up打扮，裝飾
63.in one’s opinion依某人之見(jiàn)
64.Play a trick on sb開(kāi)某人玩笑
65.take in收容，理解，包含，欺騙
66.Be determined to do sth下決心做……
67.Gift money壓歲錢(qián)
68.fire works鞭炮
69.Save money存錢(qián)
70.ask for a day off請(qǐng)一天假
71.Happen to meet碰巧遇見(jiàn)
72.be jealous of sb嫉妒某人
73.Believe in信仰
74.dress up as裝扮成，打扮成
75.Do crime犯罪
76.light up照亮
77.Do honor to sb=do sb honor禮遇某人，對(duì)某人表示敬意
78.On purpose=by accident故意地
79.care for喜歡，照顧
80.Make fool of愚弄
81.in other words換句話說(shuō)
82.hope for對(duì)…希望
83.seek after追求
84.A similar to B A和B相似
85.take on呈現(xiàn)
86.Or else或者
87.personal affair隱私
88.Date back to =date from始于，追溯到
89.Appreciate good food欣賞美味
90.suit…to…使…適合于…
91.Be suit to/for適合于…
92.In all direction朝四面八方
93.in …direction=in direction of朝…的方向
94.under the direction of在…的指導(dǎo)下
95.Follow one’s directions遵照某人的指示
96.Be angry with sb for sth…因…生某人的氣
97.be likely to很有可能
98.make fun of取笑
99.No laughing matter不是鬧著玩的
100.exist…in 存在于…
101.Get into contact with sb與某人取得聯(lián)系
102.Make contact with sb與某人聯(lián)絡(luò)
103.(be) in contact with 與…有交往
104.lose/break contact with與……失去聯(lián)系
105.go ahead 前進(jìn)
106.be crazy about對(duì)…著迷
107.go into details細(xì)說(shuō)
108.in detail詳細(xì)地
109.focus…on…把…集中于…
110.occur to sb使某人突然想到
111.fell down感到悶悶不樂(lè)
112.in a hurry匆忙地
113.accept …as認(rèn)為…是…
i.bring on引發(fā)
114.make oneself done使…被…
115.make conversation交談
116.have/hold a conversation with與……交談
117.be in conversation with與…談話中
118.divide…into..把…分成…
119.ivide between/among…把…分給…
120.achieve success獲得成功
121.an injured look一副受冤的表情
122.call on 拜訪（某人）
a)call at拜訪（某地）
123.bring back拿回來(lái)，使恢復(fù)
124.day and night日日夜夜地
125.pay off還清
126.at most 至多
127.a number of許多
128.a great deal of許多
i.pick out挑出，辨別出
129.test on在…做實(shí)驗(yàn)
130.be continued 未完待續(xù)
131.pay back償還，報(bào)復(fù)
132.sth of good/poor quality質(zhì)量好的…
133.would rather寧愿
134.after all畢竟
135.be well worth 很值得
136.without luck運(yùn)氣不好
137.in the hope of doing…抱著…的希望
138.bring about引起，導(dǎo)致
139.bring up哺育
140.belong to sb/sth屬于…
141.without limit無(wú)限地
142.run/take a risk冒險(xiǎn)
143.limit…to …把…限制在…
a)at risk處于危險(xiǎn)中
144.at any risk不顧一切
145.at the risk of冒著…的危險(xiǎn)
146.to one’s sorrow使…悲傷的是
147.than usual 比平�！�
148.badly off貧窮的
149.bear/take one’s share of…負(fù)擔(dān)…的部分
150.keep…at harm’s length保持…的距離
151.a total failure一個(gè)徹底的失敗者
152.save the situation收拾局面
153.trade in以交方式購(gòu)入
154.trade with從事貿(mào)易
155.be popular with受…的歡迎
156.culture of mind and body身心修養(yǎng)
157.(be)of (no) use有（無(wú)）用
158.put…to use利用
159.to one’s knowledge 據(jù)某人所知
160.express oneself表達(dá)自己的意思
161.tell…from…把…和…分開(kāi)
162.means of transport交通方式
163.together with=as well as也
164.against to the wall靠著墻
165.without a sound悄無(wú)聲息地
166.pull out把…拉上來(lái)
167.not later than不遲于
168.get close to接近…
169.just as 恰如
170.without turning a hair毫不畏懼
171.in disorder混亂
172.be familiar with 熟悉
173.rushed off one’s feet忙于工作
174.at work忙于工作
175.n the go奔波
176.go through with 完成
177.at one go一口氣
178.miss one’s turn 錯(cuò)過(guò)
179.be devoted to sb喜歡某人
180.to…degree 達(dá)到…程度
181.succeed in doing sth成功的做了某事
182.do about處理 應(yīng)付
183.clear away清除打掃
184.go out熄滅
185.push open推開(kāi)
186.be up to sb 由某人決定
187.tire out筋疲力盡
188.not a bit = not at all一點(diǎn)也不
189.there is no doubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
190.be willing to do = like to do愿意
191.a number of 若干 ，一些
192.the rule of conduct行為準(zhǔn)則
193.charge a pipe給煙斗塞煙
194.be charged with充滿……
195.tear at sth撕扯……
196.fasten…to…把…拴在…上
197.explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth向某人解釋某事
198.fasten one’s eyes to sb眼睛盯著某人
199.in tears哭泣，掉淚
200.end in a tie以平局結(jié)束
201.in your own words用你自己的話
202.come into use開(kāi)始使用
203.can’t help doing忍不住
204.stop…from doing阻止
205.leave sth done 讓……做……
206.by choice 出于選擇
207.for choice要選就選
208.ask after sb問(wèn)候某人
209.give away贈(zèng)出，讓出
210.set the scene為某事做準(zhǔn)備
211.full dress盛裝
212.a pieces of jewellery一件珠寶
213.look about/around 警戒
214.look on旁觀
215.look through瀏覽
216.look up to尊敬
217.act for代理
218.act on/upon對(duì)……起作用
219.know of聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)
220.by chance偶然地
221.by mistake由于疏忽
222.be in use在使用中
223.make a great discovery完成一項(xiàng)重大任務(wù)
224.bring…to use= put …to use加以利用
225.call sb names謾罵某人
226.in the name of以……的名字
227.in change主管
228.free of change免費(fèi)
229.at one’s own change自費(fèi)
230.out of control失去控制
231.be particular about對(duì)…挑剔
a)knock over撞翻
232.lay down one’s life獻(xiàn)出生命
233.a man of name知名人士
234.turn in歸還，交上
235.carry on research進(jìn)行研究
236.take up research開(kāi)始研究
237.act against違反
238.speak against發(fā)表抨擊
239.little by little逐漸地
240.out of date這時(shí)的
241.up to date最新式的
242.to date 到目前為止
put a date to sth注明日期
243.set/fix the date確定日期
244.keep a date赴約
245.go off 出發(fā)，爆發(fā)（機(jī)器等停止）
246.go into詳細(xì)調(diào)查
247.go by 走過(guò)，……流逝
248.go beyond超越
249.go about 四處走走，開(kāi)始
250.around the corner即將來(lái)臨，在拐角處
251.die down平息
252.come to terms with甘心忍受
253.what else而且
254.be about to即將開(kāi)始
255.at the top of one’s voice大聲地
256.self rescue自救
257.be mean with對(duì)…吝嗇
258.take shelter躲避
259.work with sb對(duì)……起作用
260.smell of聞出……的味道
261.break up弄碎
262.hold up阻滯
263.a threatening letter恐嚇信
264.somehow or other設(shè)法，想辦法
265.admire sb as…欽佩某人是…
266.admire sb for sth 欽佩某人的…
267.admire oneself in the mirror照鏡子
268.rise/come to fame 成名
269.opposite to 在…對(duì)面
270.to one’s regret 使某人遺憾的是
271.be surrounded with/by被…圍繞
272.get/gain/take possession of占有，占領(lǐng)
273.make up組成，構(gòu)成，湊足
274.turn to轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于
275.go sailing 駕船航行
276.go camping宿營(yíng)
277.come into one’s possession被某人占有
278.in one’s possession=in the possession of sb被某人據(jù)有
279.(be) in possession of持有，擁有
280.零 散 記 憶
281.only+介詞短語(yǔ)(方式狀語(yǔ))+倒裝句
282.e.g.: Only in this way will we be ready for the…
283.the only/just/very/first + n.+ that(who)+定從
284.當(dāng)n.為物時(shí)只用that,當(dāng)n.為人時(shí)只用who。
285.be of + 抽象名詞，表“具有……”
286.begin to do 和begin doing
a)一般情況下意思相同，但 1）begin為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)；
287.2）當(dāng)begin后為think,realise等類(lèi)詞時(shí)，只用to do。
288.Make it (F.O) +adj+to do sth.
289.To,on,in 在表方位時(shí)：
a)on表接壤 2）in在范圍之內(nèi) 3）to不接壤
290.7、hope: 1)+that-clause 2)+to do 3)+for sth
291.a/the way (that) +定語(yǔ)從句
292.to do 和v-ing 做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)：
293.to do一次性和具體性；v-ing表經(jīng)常性延續(xù)性
294.so…that… “如此…以致于…”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀從句。
295.So…部分放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝
296.比較：so…that…和such…that…的句型構(gòu)成
a)so+adj./adv.+that… such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that…
b)such+adj.+U.C.N.+that…
297.such+n.(pl.)+that…
298.with+賓+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、分詞、不定式），在句中狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
299.12、a great many+n.(pl.),當(dāng)此名詞前有限定詞如the ,these,those等，則用a great many of
300.13、系表結(jié)構(gòu) stay+adj. 一直保持某種狀態(tài)
301.14、only to do sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)常作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，用以指隨即發(fā)生的意料之外的事，有“反而，卻”之意。
302.15、 advise(n. advice) “建議，忠告”
303.1）advise+n./pron. 2)advise sb. (not) to do sth
304.3)advise doing sth 4)advise sb.+clause(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
305.16、the reason 與for連用表語(yǔ)從句只用that引導(dǎo)
306.17、used to:
1.used not to +動(dòng)詞原形=usedn’t to+動(dòng)詞原形
307.did not use to+動(dòng)詞原形=didn’t use to+動(dòng)詞原形
1.used+主+to+動(dòng)詞原形
2.did+主+use to+動(dòng)詞原形
i.It seems to that…
308.18、seem It seems as if/though…
i.There seems (to be)…
309.19、Seem,that和appear
310.三詞后均可加形容詞、副詞、分詞等；
311.appear,seem后可接to do ,而look后只加to be
312.look后只可接as if引導(dǎo)的從句，不能接that 從句
i.20、accept
313. n./pron 接受……
1.sb/sth+as+n./adj.把……視為，接受……
2.that-clause 承認(rèn)
314.21、worth與worthy
1. n.值多少錢(qián) of sth值得，配得上
315.be worth+ be worthy + of being值得做
a)doing 值得的 to be done值得做
316.22、 a.have sb doing 使某人做某事，表動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行
i.b.have sb do 使某人做某事，表動(dòng)作完成或可能發(fā)生
ii.c.have sth to do 有某事要做，have意為“有，擁有”
iii.d. have sth done 使某事被做，done表被動(dòng)動(dòng)作
317.23、表“許多大量”的幾個(gè)詞組：
i.a great/good many
b)a large/great/good number of +可數(shù)名詞
i.a good few/quite few
ii.many a
iii.a great/good deal of
iv.a large/great amount of +不可數(shù)名詞
v.quite a little
vi.a lot of/lots of
vii.a large/great quantity of +可數(shù)名詞或
viii.large quantities of 不可數(shù)名詞
ix.plenty of
x.24、keep doing sth.一直干，后跟狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞
1.keep on doing sth.反復(fù)干……，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)
xi.25、It is…for sb to do sth
1.It is…that-clause
xii.26、happen
xiii.主（人）+happens+to do
xiv.It(形主) +（so）happen +that-clause
xv.27、allow(vt.)
xvi.a. allow+ 名/形 b. allow+含有不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
xvii.c. allow+動(dòng)名詞 d. allow+sb.+介詞短語(yǔ)/副詞
xviii.28、連系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)：
1.變化類(lèi)：become,go,get,grow,fall,turn ect.
2.感官類(lèi)：fell,smell,taste,look,sound ect.
3.顯現(xiàn)類(lèi)：appear,seem,look ect.
4.狀態(tài)類(lèi)：keep,stay,come,stand ect.
xix.29、though相當(dāng)于however ,用于句末。
xx.30、動(dòng)詞+to構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：
xxi.look forward to盼望… turn to求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向
xxii.pay attention to注意 stick to堅(jiān)持
xxiii.get down to開(kāi)始認(rèn)干 object to反對(duì)
xxiv.belong to屬于 refer to涉及，談到
xxv.point to指向 see to處理，料理
xxvi.come to共計(jì)，蘇醒 reply to答復(fù)
xxvii.agree to同意 add to增加
c)devote…to…貢獻(xiàn)…給… compare…to…把…比作…
318.高一下學(xué)期語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)集匯
319.主謂一致
a)主謂一致是指一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。一個(gè)句子中主謂一致，通常指三個(gè)基本原則：語(yǔ)法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗鄰一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致。
b)語(yǔ)法一致原則
i.在通常情況下，一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致。即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也為單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
1.This exercise on English idioms is not easy.這個(gè)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)練習(xí)不容易。
ii.在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中， “be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決與后面主語(yǔ)的數(shù).如：
1.There has been little change in this city.這個(gè)城市沒(méi)有多少變化。
iii.3、“one of”結(jié)構(gòu)，位于用單數(shù)，“two of”結(jié)構(gòu)位于用復(fù)數(shù)
iv.One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。
v.Two of the boys have lost their way home.有兩個(gè)男孩回家迷路了。
vi.倒裝句的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后，避免誤用。
1.Never before has she been to Paris!她以前從未去過(guò)巴黎。
c)概念一致
i.主語(yǔ)是抽象概念、短語(yǔ)或從句，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：
ii.To tell lies is wrong.說(shuō)謊是不正確的。（不定式做主語(yǔ)）
iii.Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家務(wù)是一件很勞累的事。（動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)）
iv.How this happened is not clear to anyone.(從句做主語(yǔ))
v.注意：
320.用what或which引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或簡(jiǎn)單句中的數(shù)的概念取決于后面的表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶壿嬌系囊饬x是相同的。如：
1.Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一個(gè)？
a)Which are your seats?你們的座位是哪些？
321.單個(gè)的分詞作主語(yǔ)，不定式作主語(yǔ)，以及主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)，若用連接上述的相同兩個(gè)成分，謂語(yǔ)才用復(fù)數(shù)。
i.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)用and和both連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
ii.and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人或同一樣?xùn)|西，and后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若有，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1.My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顧問(wèn)又改變他的想法了。
2.My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫蘇的同學(xué)在教室里。
b)若and后面加not,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：
i.Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei贏了比賽，而不是我。
c)用and 連接的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
d)復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)前加each,謂語(yǔ)仍用復(fù)數(shù)。
e)no后面名詞為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；后為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
f)毗鄰一致
1.由not only…but also,neither…nor…,either…or…,or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)變化取決于后面的餓主語(yǔ)，在疑問(wèn)句中取決于前面的主語(yǔ)。如；
2.Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。
3.Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那兒去。
g)（詳見(jiàn)高一下冊(cè)P155~P156）
322.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不是事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是通過(guò)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)的，因此，掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的各種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化，是掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的關(guān)鍵。
b)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的用法
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于簡(jiǎn)單句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用原形。
c)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法
1.在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
ii.條件句中的用法
iii.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句是用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的情況表示懷疑，和直陳語(yǔ)氣條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式以及表達(dá)的含義完全不同。虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中所用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等，只表示不同的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，和直陳語(yǔ)氣的過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等毫無(wú)關(guān)系。
iv.現(xiàn)將虛擬語(yǔ)氣的各種具體形式和用法分述如下；
a)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況
d)①形式
323.條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式324.主句的動(dòng)詞形式
325.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were）326.I (we) should
327.You (he,she , +動(dòng)詞原形或：
328.they,it ) would
329.所有人稱(chēng)+might(could)+動(dòng)詞原形
330.②用法：
a)If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )
b)If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)
c)If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
a)表示與過(guò)去誓死相反的情況
d)①形式；
331.條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式332.主句的動(dòng)詞形式
333.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+過(guò)去分詞334.I (we) should
335.You (he,she , +have+過(guò)去分詞或：
336.they,it ) would
337.所有人稱(chēng)+could(might)+have+過(guò)去分詞
338.②用法：
a)I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)
b)You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
a)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況
339.①形式：
340.條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式341.主句的動(dòng)詞形式
342.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were）通常要與一個(gè)表將來(lái)的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用
343.If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should
344.+動(dòng)詞原形
345.c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+動(dòng)詞原形346.I (we) should
347.You would +動(dòng)詞原形或：
348.he(she,it ) would
349.they would
350.I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+動(dòng)詞原形
351.②用法：
a)If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)
b)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)
c)If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)
d)If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示 下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加強(qiáng)表示“當(dāng)初沒(méi)想到以后的事”)
352.混合時(shí)間條件句的用法：
i.有時(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的 時(shí)間不一致。這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式，應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表達(dá)的具體時(shí)間來(lái)決定用什么形式。
b)If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.（從句敘述過(guò)去，主句敘述現(xiàn)在。）
i.（fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.）
ii.You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現(xiàn)在，從句敘述過(guò)去)
iii.（fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.）
iv.在其他狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
c)主要用于由as if (as though) 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用“動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be 變were ）或had +過(guò)去分詞。”
i.如：
ii.She looked as if she were ill.(實(shí)際上她沒(méi)有病，在這里用虛擬語(yǔ)氣補(bǔ)語(yǔ)比喻她精神不佳)
iii.Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表現(xiàn)他的 英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好)
iv.（2）、在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
v.通常由形式主語(yǔ)it引出的主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示“必要”“重要”“奇怪”等意思。
vi.It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work.下班后你必須清掃車(chē)間。
vii.It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.在工作中，征求別人的意見(jiàn)是很重要的。
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