第四單元 如何寫推展句

 

 

 

4．1段落的推展

 

在前幾單元中，我們談到寫段落的第一個步驟是寫主題句。作者要對主題句在某些方面加以限制。第二個步驟將是寫推展句。例如你要陳述你選擇某院校的理由，第一步，寫出主題句：

 

There are two main reasons why I have decided to attend Bingston University next year．

 

第二步，以數(shù)個理由推展你的主題：

 

示范段落4-1

 

① There are two main reasons why I have decided to attend Bingston University next year．② First of all， there is the question of money：Bingstonv's tuition is reasonable and I don’t even have to pay it all at once．③ This is very important， since my father is not a rich man．④ With Bingston's “deferred payment plan，” my father will be able to pay my tuition without too much difficulty．⑤The second resaon is the fine education which I feed will receive there in agriculture， my chosen field．⑥ It is a well-known fact that Bingston hires only the finest professors in its Agriculture Department．⑦ Moreover， the university reqires all agricultural students to get practical experience by working on farms in the areawhile they are still going to school．

 

4．2示范段落分析

 

細節(jié)： two main reasons：

 

理由 1—financial consideration②

 

a． reasonable tuition③

 

b． deferred payment plan④

 

理由 2—quality of education⑤

 

a． fine teachers③

 

b． practical experience⑦

 

在兩個主要理由之下，作者用更小的細節(jié)支持它們。

 

由此可見，段落的推展依賴于支持主題句的細節(jié)（details）。推展段落的方法很多。通常每個段落以一種方法為“支配方法”（ the dominant method），必要時，可運用其它一種或數(shù)種方法作為“輔助方法”（ the supporting method）。上面的示范段落使用因果法（cause-and-effect）作為支配方法，分類法（division and classification）作為輔助方法。作者還運用了“重要性排列順序”（the order of importance）作為安排細節(jié)、組織段落的手段。我們將在以下各單元逐個討論這些方法。

 

Exercise4-1

 

Directions： Read the following paragraphs and find out what details the authors use to support their topic sentences．

 

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