1 U1 School life ( Language points )

Welcome to the unit & Reading
1. differences between A and B A與B之間的差異
美國英語和英國英語之間有很多差異。
There are many differences between American English and British English.
2. What is.....like? = How is......? ......怎么樣？
今天天氣怎么樣？很好。
What’s the weather today like? / How is the weather today? Fine.
3. What do you think of ....? = How do you find /like....? 你認(rèn)為....怎么樣？（用詢問某人對(duì)某事的看法）
What do you think of the film? It’s very exciting.
How do you find/ like the film? It’s very exciting.
4. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (p.2, lines 1-2)
句子的主語、賓語（動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語）常為名詞。動(dòng)詞不能直接作主語、賓語，須 +ing變成動(dòng)名詞方可；如為主動(dòng)意義，用doing；被動(dòng)意義，則用being done。
試完成, 并在后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)寫出其成份：
a, His __coming__ (come) here will be a great help. ( 主語 )
b, __Being praised__ (praise) by the class teacher made her very proud. ( 主語 )
c, Nobody likes __being laughed___ (laugh) at in public. ( 賓語 )
d, I am looking forward to ___meeting__ (meet) her. ( 賓語 )
5. experience 1) [U]經(jīng)驗(yàn) 2) [C] 經(jīng)歷 3) vt 體驗(yàn) 4) experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
Have you had any experiencein work of this sort? 你對(duì)這工作有經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？
Only women with experience of office work can apply for the position.
She is a teacher with more than 20 years' experience in teaching.
這次車禍對(duì)他說是一次可怕的經(jīng)歷。The accident is a terrible experience for him.
Please tell us your experiences of living abroad for so many years.
He experienced the greatest hardship for the first time in his life.
An experienced doctor is operating on the wounded soldier.
6. attend vt. 參加，出席，上（學(xué)，）
attend a lecture / a party / a meeting / a class ; attend school/ church
Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 你昨天出席了會(huì)議嗎？
She was sick so she didn’t attend school. 所以沒有上學(xué)
attend, joi n, join in, take part in
●attend 指參加會(huì)議，儀式，婚禮，上學(xué)，上，聽報(bào)告，聽演講，聽音樂會(huì)等
●join 指參加某個(gè)團(tuán)體，組織或黨派，參加到某個(gè)人群中，而成為其中的一員。其后常接the army, the team, the club, the party, sb. 等
● join (sb.) in (doing) sth. （和某人）一起做某事，參與正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。join in 后的賓語一般是表示競(jìng)賽，娛樂，游戲等活動(dòng)的名詞。join in 與 take part in 有時(shí)可以換用，都指參加某一群體性活動(dòng)。
ay I ___join in___ your conversation?
When did your brother ___join___ the army?
Could I ___join___ you _in__thanking today’s speaker?
I’m going to the theatre tonight. Would you like to ___join___(me)?
7. respect
1) n. 尊敬 2) Vt. 尊敬，尊重 3）respectable受人尊敬的 respectful恭敬的
show/have respect for sb. earn respect (from sb.) 贏得/獲得（某人的）尊重
He has no respect for the feelings of others. 他毫不在意別人的感受。
He's a man much ______respected_______ by all his colleagues.
我們通過努力學(xué)習(xí)贏得別人的尊重。We earn respect from others by working hard.
8. devote oneself to (doing) sth. =be devoted to (doing) sth. 獻(xiàn)身于.., 專心致力于...
在大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，我就決定我將把我的一生獻(xiàn)給教育。
When I graduated from university, I decided to devote myself to education.
9. achieve (v.) achievement (n.)
1) to finish successfully 完成，做到
He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work hard.如果不努力，他會(huì)一事無成。
2) gain 達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn) He achieved his goal. 他達(dá)到了他的目的。
10. grade n. 1）等級(jí) 2）年級(jí) 3）分?jǐn)?shù)
He is not in the first grade as a musician. 作為一個(gè)音樂家，他不是一流的。
She got good grades last semester. 她上學(xué)期取得了好成績。
y daughter is a pupil in the second grade. 我女兒是個(gè)二年級(jí)的學(xué)生。
11. average on average 平均
1) n 平均；平均數(shù)
The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7. 3、8和10的平均數(shù)是7。
His school work is well above / below average. 他的學(xué)習(xí)成績?cè)谥械纫陨?以下。
2) adj. 平均的；一般的
What is the average rainfall for July?
他只是一個(gè)普通的學(xué)生。 He is an average student.
12. a bit / a little not a little: very much, not a bit: not at all
I’m a bit/ a little tired. 我有點(diǎn)累。
I was not a bit tired after climbing the hill. 在爬后我一點(diǎn)也不累。
I was not a little tired after climbing the hill. 在爬后我很累。
He knows a little Japanese.= He knows a bit of Japanese.
13. challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)； challenging adj 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的
I accepted his _____challenge______ to run a race around the lake.
She finds her new job very _____challenging__________.
14. struggle n.難事；vi.努力，掙扎，奮斗 struggle to do sth.
Jack要在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)作好準(zhǔn)備真是不容易。
It was a struggle for Jack to get ready in such a short time.
She’s ______A________a family on a very low income.
A. struggling to bring up B.struggling bring up
C. struggling to bringing up D.struggling bringing up
15. for free =free of charge / without payment 免費(fèi)地
16．fun adj.有趣的 n.（不可數(shù)）有趣的事，樂趣
I enjoyed the show very much----it was really fun. 詞性：_____adj.______
Why don’t you come with us ?It’ll be great fun. 詞性：_____n.______
17. prepare v. preparation n.
prepare sth. 準(zhǔn)備某物 prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事
prepare for sth. 為某事做準(zhǔn)備prepare sb. for sth. / to do sth. 使某人準(zhǔn)備好做某事
be well prepared for sth/ to do sth. = be / get ready for為做某事作好了準(zhǔn)備
other is preparing supper in the kitchen. 媽媽在廚房準(zhǔn)備晚飯。
We are preparing for the coming exam. 我們正在為即將到的期中考試作準(zhǔn)備。
The government is preparing to take measures to reduce pollution. 政府正在準(zhǔn)備采取措施減少污染。
You must prepare him to face difficulty.你必須教他準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)困難。
in preparation for = make preparations for為某事做準(zhǔn)備 = prepare for
She bought a new coat in preparation for winter.
We have made preparations for the coming exam.
18. miss 1) 想念 2）未擊中，錯(cuò)過，逃過等；miss+n./doing
We’ll miss you very much if you move. 翻譯句中miss的意思
I shot at the goal but missed it.
We missed the bus and walked home.
The child just missed being hit (hit) by a car.
19. look back on...回顧，回憶
當(dāng)我回顧那些日子，我意識(shí)到我很不快樂。
When I look back on those days, I realize that I was not very happy.

Word power, Grammar & Task
20. available adj. 可得到的，可到達(dá)的，可用的，有效的
be available to sb.; be available for sth.
Is the new timetable available? 這張新時(shí)間表有效嗎？
21. upon/on +n./doing 一.....就.....
a, On ___stepping____ (step) out the taxi, he was caught by two men.
b, On his _arrival_ (arrive) ,one of the first things that June does is to turn on the TV.
22. develop development n.
a, vi & vt grow, increase, or become larger or more complete 發(fā)展，完善
a developing country發(fā)展中國家; a developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家 }
He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.
他已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成閱讀時(shí)記筆記的習(xí)慣。
b, vt. bring out the economic possibilities, 開發(fā)，利用
We should develop our good points and overcome our shortcomings.我們應(yīng)該揚(yáng)長避短
c, 沖洗 develop the film; develop the photograph
23. refer to
a, to mention, to speak about 提到，說起
He didn’t refer to the problem at all in his speech. 他的演講中根本未涉及到那個(gè)問題。
b, to look at for information 參考，咨詢，查（資料）
If you don’t know the meaning of this word, refer to（參考）the dictionary.
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring to his notes.
c, to concern 涉及，關(guān)于
The new law does not refer to land used for farming. 新的法律沒有涉及到用作耕地的土地。
24. For one thing, ... For another (thing), ... 一則…，二則…；一…，二…
You can’t see in that fridge.For one thing, the light’s gone and for another (thing), the button’s broken. 你看不到冰箱里的東西。一則，沒有電燈，二則，按鈕壞了。
25. somehow 不知為什么，不知怎么地
Somehow, I just don’t think it’ll work. 不知怎么地，我就是認(rèn)為它將不起作用。
26. regret vt. 1) 懊悔，后悔 + n. / clause
2) 遺憾地說 / 告訴 + to say / tell / inform…
I regret his retirement. 我很遺憾他退休。
We regret that you have to sell your house. 我們很遺憾你必須賣房子。
regret to do 遺憾要做某事; regret doing 后悔做過某事
I regret to tell you that I cannot help you. 我很遺憾地要告訴你我不能幫你的忙。
I regret not giving him any advice. 我后悔沒有給他建議。
We regret ___B___ you that our library will be closed next Wednesday.
A. informing B. to inform C. having informed D. to have informed
I regret ___C___ to come to your birthday party yesterday.
A. to be unable B. not to be able C. being unable D. being not able
I deeply regret ___C/D___ at the meeting.
A. have spoken B. to speak C. having spoken D speaking
n. [U] unhappiness 懊悔，惋惜; n. [C] things that make you feel sorry 懊悔的事
They said goodbye with regret. 他們很遺憾地說再見了。
All of us have regrets in our lives. 我們所有人在一生中都有懊悔的事。
(much) to one’s regret 令某人(很)遺憾的是；have no regrets （對(duì)所發(fā)生的事）毫無遺憾
27. inform vt & vi 通知 告訴
n. information, a piece of information; adj. well-informed 消息靈通的;
v. inform sb. of/ about sth. 告訴/通知某人某事
The headmaster informed us that the school would be closed next week.校長通知我們這所學(xué)校下周將關(guān)閉。
ary informed her parents of everything that happened at school.
瑪利把學(xué)校里發(fā)生的一切都告訴了她的父母。

Project
28. run: 1) vi.:（機(jī)器）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) ； 流、淌 2) vt.: 管理、經(jīng)營
a, Does your watch run well? ( 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) ) 括號(hào)內(nèi)寫出run的意義
b, Who has left the water running? ( 流淌 )
c, y father ran a factory ten years ago.( 經(jīng)營 )
d, I have run short of money. ( 用光 )
29. approve approval n. 同意
1) vi 贊成 approve of
I don’t approve of smoking in bed. 我不贊成在床上抽煙。
You have made a wise decision, and I completely approve of it.
2) vt 批準(zhǔn)，通過
The city council approved the building plan. 市長批準(zhǔn)了那個(gè)建造計(jì)劃。
30. sb.be in charge of sth. / sth. be in the charge of sb. 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管
This term r. White will be in charge of our class.
This term our class will be in the charge of r White.
31. more than 1)超過,比....多 2)不僅=not only
3)非常（more than+sorry/pleased/angry/sad...）
I’m more than happy to see you again. 很，非常
What I need is more than money. 不僅
There are more than 50 students in our class. 超過
32. require vt. to need; to demand 需要 要求
a, require sth. They require our help. 他們需要我們的幫助。
b, sth require doing/to be done (want, need有類似用法)
The plant requires watering. 植物該澆水了。
c, require sb. to do 要求某人做某事
rs. Gu required all of us to attend the meeting. 顧老師要求我們大家參加會(huì)議。
d, require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事 What do you require of me?
e, require that 從句用虛擬語氣，即 (should) do ; (demand, order, suggest, insist等有相同用法)
The boss required that they (should) start at once. 老板要求他們立刻開始。

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