Period 1: Introduction, Reading and vocabulary (1.2)
1.means n. often pl. a method or way 方法,方式(屬單復數同形)
e.g. The quickest means of travel is by plane.
All means have been tried.=Every means has been tried.
-Can I have a look at your stamp collection?
- By all means.(當然可以。)
mean v. 意欲,打算; adj. 卑鄙的,吝嗇的
mean to do sth.打算做……; mean doing ……意味著……;mean to have done sth.=had meant to do sth. 原打算做某事實際未做。
phrases: by all means 當然;務必 by no means 決不;并沒有
the means of transport 交通方式; by means of 用,依靠
2.refer to
a. 提到;說起
e.g. Don’t refer to that matter again.
b. 參考;咨詢;查資料
e.g, If you don’t know what this means, refer to the dictionary.
c. 有關; 針對
e.g. The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming.
d. 提交……作決定或采取行動
e.g. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.
phrases:
refer to /turn to the dictionary
look sth. Up in the dictionary
refer to sth./sb.提到……,意指……,涉及……
refer to …as …將……稱為……
When it comes to …當談及/提及/涉及……時
e.g. Some people may know little about basketball , but when it comes to the Litte Giant Yao Ming , they must be familiar with him.
3.ride vt.& vi. & n. 乘;騎;搭乘(ride, rode, ridden)
a. 用作名詞:
go for a ride in a car 乘車出去兜風。
Can I have /take a ride on your bike?我可以騎你的自行車嗎?
What a ride!多棒的旅程!
b. vt.&vi.
He jumped on his horse and rode away.
Can you ride a horse?
注: ride 用于騎馬、騎自行車時,常用作vt., 即ride a horse; ride a bike;用于乘公共汽車時、乘火車時,常用作vi.,即 ride on a bus; ride on a train.
4.drive vt.&vi. 駕駛;用車送;驅趕;迫使;飛跑;猛沖
drive 表示“驅使,迫使”,后面接賓補(to do ;adj.; adv; prep.phra. 不用現在分詞)
phrase:
drive sb. mad. 使某人發(fā)瘋;drive off/out 趕走;drive sb. away 把某人趕走;drive sb.into a corner逼得某人走投無路
ride/drive
ride-乘?梢猿塑囕v,也可以乘其他工具(如馬、自行車等);指車輛時,是乘車而不是開車。
drive-駕駛,驅趕。賓語為車輛時,意為“駕駛”,是別的東西時,意為“驅趕”。當兩者用作名詞,表示一段車程時無區(qū)別,如:an hour’s ride=an hour’s dirve
5.distance
a.c.n.&u.n. 距離;間距
b.c.n.&u.n 遠方;遠處
c.u.n. (空間或時間的相距)
d.u.n.(人際關系的)冷淡,疏遠
e.g. A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day.
At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.
Distance is no problem with modern telecommuciations.
phrases:
in the distance 在遠處;在遠方
from the distance 由遠處
at a distance 在稍遠處,在一定距離處
keep one’s distance from sb. /sth. 與某人/某物保持一定的距離
keep sb. at a distance 與某人保持一定距離
distance learning 遠程教育
distant adj.遙遠的
Period 2: Reading
1.Get off 下車
a. get (sb.) off (使某人)出發(fā)
b. get off sth. 下班;不再討論某事
c. get sth. off 郵寄某物;從某物上移去某物
e.g. We got off immediately after breakfast.
Her finger was so swollen that she couldn’t get the ring off.
I usually get off at 6:00 p.m..
Phrases: get on 上車 get around 傳播 get away 逃離,離開辦
get over 爬過,克服;熬過 get in 進入;收獲;收(稅等); get ride of 除掉,擺脫 get through 通過;做完;看完 get up 起床,起身 get along/on with 進行;進展;與……相處 get across 使……通過,(使)被理解
2.more than: over 超過;僅僅
e.g. Judging from his appearance, he is more than 40.
not more than 與 no more than
not more than 不超過,頂多,相當于≤;no more than僅僅,只有,相當于=。
Other phrases:
more …than… 與其說……倒不如說…… e.g. He’s more mad than stupid.說他笨,不如說他瘋了。
no more … than… 與……同樣不……(表示前后比較對象程度相當)
the more …, the more…越……就越……
more or less 或多或少
3.scenery, scene, view
Scenery-為自然風景的全稱,常用來描述靜態(tài)的鄉(xiāng)村景色/
e.g. The scenery of the country is not beautiful.
scene-指某一特定環(huán)境呈現的景色,多半包含人的動作。
e.g. a happy scene of children playing in the garden.
View-屬scenery的一部分,也就是從某處所見的情景。
e.g. There’s no view from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
4. After that,…..
that !俺猩稀保籺his !皢⑾碌摹
e.g. That’s the end of the news.
The reason is this.理由如下。
5.be short for 為……的縮寫; in short 簡言之,總之
e.g. PRC is short for the People’s Republic of China.
My name is Johnson, but my classmates always call me John in short.
phrases: be short of =lack 缺乏……;短少; to be short 簡單地說,簡言之 go short (of) 欠缺,缺少 cut… short 使……中斷,打斷,阻止 run short (物品)不足,短缺
6.not … any more=no more ; not … any longer=no longer
not … any more=no more表動作不再重復出現或做某事的次數不再增加,多與瞬間動詞連用。E.g. You will not see him any more.
not … any longer=no longer表動作不再延續(xù)或時間上不再延長,多與延續(xù)性動詞連用。
e.g. She doesn’t live here any longer.
6.the 1920s 20世紀20年代
請注意時間表達法:
the 1830s 19世紀30年代 the 60s 60年代 in her 80s 在(她)八十多歲的時候
Other phrases:
come from on a train in the middle of great meals cooked by experts look like
Look out of at midnight try doing trained camels allow sb. to do sth.
Period 3: Grammar 1&2, Function, Culture Corner
1.The ?ed form過去分詞作定語
分詞是動詞的一種非限定形式,主要起構成形容詞和副詞的作用,共有兩種形式,一種是現在分詞(-ing),一種是過去分詞(-ed).現在分詞一般有主動的意思,過去分詞一般有被動和完成的意思,以下主要是過去分詞作定語的幾點用法。
(1)及物動詞的過去分詞單獨用作定語,表被動。
e.g. moved students drowned people used paper a broken cup developed countries
(2 )個別的過去分詞(多由不及物動詞構成)只表示完成,不表示被動。
e.g. fallen leaves. / returned students. 歸國留學生。
(3)某些動詞的過去分詞作定語,既可作前置定語,又可作后置定語,但含義不同。
e.g.The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used(用過的)book.
The book given(給) to him is an English novel.
We will be meeting at a given(特定的) time and place.
(4) 有些過去分詞己經失去了被動意義, 相當于形容詞作定語,表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài).常用來修飾人。
也可以修飾物,這類被過去分詞所修飾指物的名詞大概有兩類:
a.指人發(fā)出的聲音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等;
b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等;
修飾的過去分詞有:
disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discouraged, etc.
a frightened look 驚恐的神態(tài)
a frightening look 嚇人的神態(tài)
a pleased smile (自己感到)滿意的微笑
a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑
2.過去時態(tài)的表達及用法
一般過去時表示(1)過去某個特定時間發(fā)生,并且一下子就完成了的動作(即:非持續(xù)性動作), (2)過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現在的影響,只說明過去。
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。(1)
e.g.He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子,煙抽得可兇了。
一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時還是用現在完成時,取決于動作是否對現在有影響。
e.g. Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎?(意思是說你現在不餓嗎?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已經吃過了。(意思是說已經吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么時候吃的?(關心的是吃的動作發(fā)生在何時。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大約十分鐘以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示過去常做而現在已經停止了的習慣動作。
e.g.I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個小時。
一般過去時的基本用法
a. 帶有確定的過去時間狀語時,要用過去時
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天)、once up on a time(過去曾經)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(當我八歲時…)
e.g.Did you have a party the other day?前幾天,你們開了晚會了嗎?
e.g. Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷鋒是個好戰(zhàn)士。
注意
①在談到已死去的人的情況時,多用過去時。
② 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時,要用過去時
這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
e.g.The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然后就去世了。
③ 表示過去一段時間內經常或反復的動作,常與always,never等連用。
e.g.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說明她過去的動作,不表明她現在是否常帶著傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說明這是她的習慣,表明她現在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現在,不說明現在是否喝酒)
④ 如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do
e.g.He used to drink. 他過去喝酒。
(意味著他現在不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過去是在早晨散步。
(意味著現在不在早晨散步了)
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經在早晨散過步。
(只是說明過去這一動作)
比較
I took a walk in the morning .
我曾經在早晨散過步。
(指是說明過去這一動作)
⑤ 有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過去時,這一點,我們中國學生往往出錯,要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。(因為在說話時,我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時表示。實際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。
(這句話應是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是現在我知道你沒。
辨別正誤
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?br />(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(動詞應該用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(時態(tài)應該用過去時態(tài))
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(應該用一般動詞,而不是be動詞)
(√) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
(在過去發(fā)生的動作。)
一般過去時的形式
to be:
第一人稱單數和第三人稱單數用was, 其余的人稱用were。
to do(行為動詞):
行為動詞的過去式有兩類,一類是規(guī)則動詞,另一類是不規(guī)則動詞。to have: 各人稱,單、復數一律用had。
肯 定句否 定 句
beI /He/She/It was...I/ He /She/It was not ...
We/You/They were...We /You/They were not...
have
I /He/She/It/ We/You/They had...I/ He /She/It/We/You/They had not(有) ...
I/He/She/It/We/You/They did not have (吃/喝/進行...)…
行為動詞I /He/She/It/ We/You/They studied…I/ He /She/It/ We /You/They did not study…
一般疑問句簡略回答
beWas he/she/it...?Yes,he was.(No,he wasn’t.)
Were we/you/they...?Yes,you were. (No,you were not)
haveHad I/he/she/it/you/we/ they...? Did I/you/he... have...Yes,you had.(No,you hadn’t.)
Yes,you did.(No,you didn’t.)
行為動詞Did he/she/ it/ we/you/ they study..?Yes,you did.(No,you didn’t.)
3.Downtown adv. (美國英語)在城鎮(zhèn)的中心區(qū)
e.g. I went downtown to do some shopping today.
adj. (城鎮(zhèn)的)中心區(qū)的,商業(yè)區(qū)的
a downtowm office 城市商業(yè)區(qū)的辦公室
4.Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.
句中Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour是現在分詞短語在句中作狀語。
現在分詞短語用作狀語時,可以表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨或方式以及結果等。從分詞的時間意義上看,現在分詞一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生;從語態(tài)意義上看,現在分詞一般式往往表示主動的動作,它所修飾的人或物是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者,即句子的主語。
(1)表示時間
Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.(=When I looked out of the window…)
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
(2)表示時間
Being League members, we are ready to help others.=(Since we are League members…)
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
(3)表示條件
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.(=If you work hard…)
(4)表示伴隨或方式
The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.
He came running back to tell me the news.
(5)表示結果
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
5.speed v.&n.
speed by 迅速過去 speed up 加速 at speed 迅速 at full/top speed 全速
at a /the speed of …以……的速度
6.30-kilometre journey 30千米的行程
30-kilometre是合成形容詞。合成形容詞只作前置定語,用于所修飾的名詞前,結構是:
數詞+單位詞單數+形容詞(long/wide/high/tall/deep/old)+被修飾的名詞,其中合成形容詞的各詞語之間要有連字符,而且單位詞要用單數。如:
A five-year-old boy 一個5歲的男孩
A 200-metre-long bridge 一座200米長的橋
A 500-metre-wide river 一條500米寬的河
Period 4: Vocabulary, reading and speaking
1.Seaside n.海濱(特指游泳場、休養(yǎng)地的海邊、河灘)。
e.g. We’re taking the children to the seaside on Sunday.
coast 海岸(海、陸相接之線)
e.g. Looking down the plane, we can see the coast.
beach海灘(相對平坦,宜于游泳、日光浴等)。
e.g. I like lying on the beach enjoying the sunbath.
shore海濱(籠統(tǒng)地指平坦或陡峭的岸邊)。
e.g. He often walks on the shore collecting shells.
bank河流、湖泊的岸或堤。
2.for the first time 第一次,在句中作狀語。
e.g. They were in Beijing for the first time.
the first time 第一次,后面跟從句。
e.g. This is the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
3. my first visit to …我第一次去……參觀,此處visit為名詞。
Pay a visit to …拜訪……,參觀…… be on a visit to…在訪問……
4.at kindergarten 上幼兒園(名詞前不加冠詞,表示抽象意義)。
Other phrases:
At/in school 上學 go to school 上學 in the school 在學校
in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在監(jiān)獄
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.yy-art.cn/gaoyi/62938.html
相關閱讀:My first Day at Senior High教學案