1. balance
n. 天平；平衡；結余，余額
v.平衡；權衡
Can you balance yourself on skates?
你穿冰鞋能保持平衡嗎?
If you earn ￡100 and spend ￡60，your balance is ￡40.
如果你掙100英鎊，花60英鎊，那么你就會結余40英鎊。
You have to balance the advantages of living in the country against the disadvantages.
你得權衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。
常用結構:
keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡
要點突破
精講精析
keep one?s balance 保持平衡
lose one?s balance 失去平衡
out of balance 不平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
bank balance 銀行余額
blance of trade貿易差額
keep balance of nature保持生態(tài)平衡
The two trucks had wheels out of balance on delivery.
這兩部卡車在交貨時車輪失去了平衡。
The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but on balance I think he is still a good boy.
這個男孩有很多缺點，但全面考慮，我認為他仍然是好孩子。
聯(lián)想拓展
balanced adj. 合理的；收支平衡的；鎮(zhèn)靜的
balanced diet 均衡飲食
a balanced judgement 公平的判決
高手過招
單項填空
In education there should be a good among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.(2009?12?江西玉山檢測)
A.distribution B.balance
C.combination D.assignment
解析:選B。balance平衡；distribution分發(fā),分配,散布,分布；combination結合,聯(lián)合；assignment分配，功課，任務，被指定的（課外）作業(yè)；（分派的）任務，委派。根據(jù)句意，選B。
2. lie
vi.& n.說謊；謊話，謊言(lied，lied，lying)
vi.躺，臥；處于(某一位置)，在于……(lay，lain，lying)
常用結構:
tell a lie／tell lies to sb. 對某人說謊
a white lie 善意的謊言
lie to sb. 向某人說謊
lie in 在于；處于……狀態(tài)
there lies ... 某地有……
lie on one?s back/side/stomach仰臥/側臥/俯臥
It’s no wonder that she lied to the court.
難怪她對法庭撒了謊。
West of the lake lies the famous city.
那個著名的城市坐落在湖的西面。
You are lying but lies can not cover up facts.
你在說謊，但謊言掩蓋不了事實。
I’d rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.
我寧愿把錢花掉也不愿擱在銀行里不用。
聯(lián)想拓展
lay vt. 放；擱；下(蛋)；產(chǎn)(卵)(laid，laid，laying)
高手過招
單項填空
There was an oil painting in the corner. It there for several days. （原創(chuàng)）
A. laying; had laid B. lain; had laid
C. lying; had lain D. laid; had been lain
解析:選C。第一空是“處于/在于……”的現(xiàn)在分詞，第二空是其過去完成時。
3. amount
n. 數(shù)量
vi. 合計，總計達；相當于，等同于
常用結構:
amount to 總共達；相當于；等于
an amount of ... 大量的……
the amount of ... ……的數(shù)量
Planning without any real action amounts to nothing.
只計劃不行動等于什么都不做。
The total cost of repairs amounted to $100.
修理費用總計達100美元。
聯(lián)想拓展
表示數(shù)量的短語及用法：
a great deal of，a large／small／huge amount of+不可數(shù)名詞(作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式)
large／vast amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞(作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式)
many，a good／great many，a number of，large numbers of，a few，dozens of，scores of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)(作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式)
plenty of, a lot of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)(作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式)；也可接不可數(shù)名詞(作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式）
a large quantity of+名詞，large quantities of+名詞（作主語，謂語與quantity一致）
I need a large amount of money to buy a new house.
我買新房需要一大筆錢。
高手過招
單項填空
Because of mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter. (2009?12?江西師大附中檢測)
A. a great many of B. a large number of
C. a large amount of D. a great plenty of
解析:選C。mail郵件，不可數(shù)名詞。故用a large amount of。
4. curiosity
n. 好奇心
Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.
小孩子對他們周圍的世界有著天生的好奇心。
I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.
我打開包裹只是為了滿足我的好奇心。
常用結構:
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity = curiously好奇地
聯(lián)想拓展
curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
be curious about sth. 對某事好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事
高手過招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①Margaret looked at him (好奇地).
②She decided to try a cigarette (出于好奇).
③All the employees in this firm (好奇) the personal life of the general manager.
④ (奇怪的是) enough, he had never seen the little girl.
1.(好奇心) drove Mary to open her husband’s letter though she knew it was wrong.
答案 : ①with curiosity②out of curiosity
③are curious about④Curiously⑤Curiosity
5. benefit
vt. 有利，有益
n. 好處；利益；優(yōu)勢
常用結構:
benefit from/by... 從……受益，得益于……
benefit sb. 對某人有益
be of (much, great)benefit to sb. =be beneficial to sb.
對某人有益處
be of no benefit to sb. 對某人沒有益處
for the benefit of ...為了……的利益
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.
廣泛的閱讀使我受益匪淺。
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.
據(jù)說瑜伽對人體健康有很大好處。
易混辨析
benefit/interest/profit/advantage
benefit為普通用詞，指通過正當手段從物質或精神方面得到的任何好處或利益。它的復數(shù)形式benefits意為“救濟金”。
interest作“利益”講時，多用復數(shù)形式，既可指集團、群體的利益，又可指個人的利益。interest作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“利息”。
profit著重指收益，尤指從物質、錢財?shù)确矫娅@得的利潤。
advantage指因某方面占優(yōu)勢或利用某機會以及對方弱點而獲得的利益與好處。
高手過招
單項填空
①We should spend the money on something that will
everyone. (2009?12?福建福州檢測)
A. benefitB. benefit from
C. beneficialD. benefit to
②Never forget we receive from our parents.
(2009?12?福建龍巖檢測)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. beneficial D. to benefit
②Never forget we receive from our parents.
(2009?12?福建龍巖檢測)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. Beneficial D. to benefit
解析: ①選A。此處需要用動詞作謂語，benefit 可作及物動詞，意為“對……有益”。
②選B。句意為：永遠不要忘記我們從父母那兒得到的恩惠。benefit意為“具體的好處”時是可數(shù)名詞，可用復數(shù)形式。
6. combine
vt.&vi. (使)聯(lián)合；（使）結合
常用結構:
combine into ... 聯(lián)合成……
combine ...with ...把……與……結合起來
We consider it is necessary to combine theory with practice.
我們認為理論聯(lián)系實際是必要的。
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氫與氧化合生成水。
The pursuit of knowledge should be combined with wisdom.
知識的追求應與智慧相結合。
聯(lián)想拓展
combination n.結合；聯(lián)合；化合（物）
a combination of ...一種……的結合（物）
in combination with與……聯(lián)合起來
易混辨析
join/combine/unite/connect
join側重把原來不相連接的事物緊密地連接在一起，但仍可再分開。也指把分散的人或幾個部分的人聯(lián)合起來，或加入到某團體中去。常見結構：join up聯(lián)合起來；join ...to/and ...連接。
combine指兩個或兩個以上的人或物結合在一起。常見結構：combine with與……結合。
unite指聯(lián)合、結合在一起，構成一個整體。
connect 指兩事物在某一點相連接，但彼此又保持獨立。常見結構：connect ...to/with與……相連；be connected with與……有關系。
高手過招
單項填空
①The two parties have to form a new government. (2009?12?福建廈門檢測)
A. Mixed B. combined C. joined D. formed
② Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine. (2009?12?江蘇如東檢測)
A. Link B. Connect
C. Combine D. Join
解析: ①選B。句意為：那兩個黨派合并組成了一個新政府。combine 指原來性質或成分不同的東西合并成一體。
②選C。句意為：把中藥與西藥結合起來。combine ...with ...把……與……結合起來。
7. limit
vt. 限制；限定
n. 界限；限度
聯(lián)想拓展
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無限制的
The speed limit on this road is 70 mph.
這條道路的車速限制是每小時70英里。
We must try and limit our expenditure.
我們必須設法限制我們的開支。
常用結構：
limit sb./sth. to ...限制某人/某事到（某種程度）
put a limit on ... 對……限制
there is a limit to ...對……是有限的
without limit 無限地，無限制地
高手過招
用limit相關短語的適當形式填空
①One’s energy is .
② (沒有止境) what you can do if you try.
③He must our weekly expenditure ten pounds.
答案：①limited②There?s no limit to③limit; to
重點短語
8. get away with
被放過；（做壞事）不受懲罰
If you cheat in the exam, you’ll never get away with it.
考試作弊必予追究。
I won’t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.
我不能容忍你考試作弊而不受懲罰。
聯(lián)想拓展
get across=put across (使)被理解；(把……)講清楚
get rid of 擺脫；除掉
get away (from) (從)……脫離，逃脫……
get down to (doing)sth. 開始認真地做某事
get in 插話；收獲
get in touch with 與……取得聯(lián)系
get into the habit of... 染上……的習慣
get into trouble 陷入困境
get out (of ...) 出去，離開，逃脫，擺脫
get hold of 抓住
get on/along well with...與……相處得好；
進展順利(多用進行時)
get over 爬過……；克服(困難)；從……中恢復過來
get through 完成；花光(時間、金錢等)；通過；接通電話
He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.
他不太善于清楚地表達自己的思想。
We should get rid of the bad style and keep the good.
我們應該摒棄不良作風，保持優(yōu)良作風。
高手過招
(1)單項填空
?You?re coughing badly, Martin. Why not give up smoking?
?Give up smoking? Easier said than done, Amy. Once
you the habit of smoking, it is very hard for you to
. (2009?12?江蘇啟東檢測)
A. keep up; break it away B. take up; drop it out
C. pick up; get rid of it D. build up; do away with it
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①To my surprise, the baby wolf (與……相處得不錯) the dogs and then managed to survive.
②She never arrives on time at the office, but she somehow managed to (僥幸逃脫) it.
③Well, stop chatting. It’s time we (開始，著手) some serious work.
④The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will
(從……恢復過來) the shock soon.
解析: (1)選C。考查動詞短語辨析。keep up保持,繼續(xù),維持；break away脫開；離開；逃脫；take up拿起；開始；從事；吸��；接納；drop out退出,退學；pick up撿起,拾起；get rid of擺脫；除掉；build up逐步建立；do away with廢除,去掉。
(2)①got on well with②get away with
③got down to④get over
9. take off
從……中去掉；脫掉（衣服）；起飛；突然大受歡迎，迅速流行
Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
她在電視上亮相后歌唱事業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。
Don?t take off your sweater. It?s cold here.
別脫掉毛衣，這兒冷。
聯(lián)想拓展
take away 拿走，消除(感情，痛苦等）
take after（相貌、體格、性情等）像（父、母等）
take back 收回
take down 拿下；記下；拆除
take in 欺騙；吸收；理解
take it easy 不緊張，不急
take on 呈現(xiàn)，具有(特征、外觀等）；雇用
take out 拿出，取出；去掉
take over 接收，接管
take up 拿起；開始（從事）；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)（時/空間）
take apart 拆開（機器等）
take for 認為，以為；誤以為
Take away my good name, take away my life.
(諺)美名失去，生命不存。
Don?t be taken in by his charm-he is ruthless.
不要被他迷人的風度所蒙蔽，其實他冷酷無情。
高手過招
用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空（原創(chuàng)）
①I want to take the book which you showed me yesterday.
②It’s sad to see the old museum being taken to make way for a new shopping center.
③She took the narrative(敘事,故事)where John had left off.
④My daughter does not take me in any way.
⑤When she fell ill her daughter took the business from her.
答案：①away②down③up④after⑤over
10. in debt
欠債；欠人情
She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich.
以前窮的時候她欠了債，可自從富了以后就不欠債了。
聯(lián)想拓展
out of debt不欠債
in trouble處在困境中
in charge 管理；負責
in detail 詳細地
in fact 事實上
in love 相愛
in need需要
in surprise驚奇地
in touch 保持聯(lián)系
in danger處在危險之中
in common共有；共同
in general通常；一般地說
in line 站隊
in mind 意欲；心想
in order 有秩序地
in tears 在哭泣
in public公開地；當眾
高手過招
單項填空
I’ll always be to you for your help. (2009?12?江蘇揚州檢測)
1.in debt B. debt C. running into debt D. debts
解析:選A。句意為：由于你的幫助，我總是欠你的。
11. before long
不久以后
The dictionary will be published before long.
不久以后這本詞典將被出版。
聯(lián)想拓展
long before 很久以前
long ago 很久以前
高手過招
完成句子
①That happened (很久以前).
②I have seen that film (很久以前).
③His plan seemed to be too difficult, but (不久以后) it proved to be practicable.
答案：①long ago②long before③before long
12. cut down
削減；刪節(jié)；砍伐
cut off 剪下來；切斷；使突然中斷
cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）
cut up=cut into pieces 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿過；穿透
cut in 插入；插嘴；超車搶道
高手過招
用cut相關短語的適當形式填空
①Her little finger was in an accident at the factory.
②She the advertisement of the newspaper.
③He the park and reached there in time.
④I haven’t given up drinking but I’m .
⑤I’m sorry to on your conversation.
⑥You nearly caused a crash by (on me) like that.
答案:①cut off②cut; out③cut through
④cutting down⑤cut in⑥cutting in
重點句型
13. “Nothing could be better, ” he thought.
他想：“再沒有比這些更好吃的了�！�
句中形容詞（或副詞）的比較級better與否定詞nothing 連用，表達最高級的含義。常用的否定詞有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等，表示最高級的含義。
?Did you sleep well last night? 你昨夜睡得好嗎？
?Never better, like a rock. 從沒這么好過，睡得很沉。
I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.
我想沒有比旅行更令人愉快的事了。
I can’t think of a better idea.我想不出一個更好的方法。
高手過招
單項填空
Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard before.
(2009?12?江蘇南京檢測)
A. the better one B. the best one
C. a better one D. a good one
解析:選C。比較級與nothing, nobody, never等否定詞連用時，實際上表示最高級的意義，意為“再……也不過了；沒有比……更……的了”。句中的比較對象是一個尚未出現(xiàn)的新人或新事物，故用不定冠詞a/an修飾。
14. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那樣到他店里吃飯，那問題一定嚴重了。
情態(tài)動詞+have done
①情態(tài)動詞must +have done只用于肯定句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進行肯定的推測，意為“過去一定做過某事”。
②情態(tài)動詞can/could可用于否定句中，即can’t have done /couldn’t have done，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)的肯定的推測，意為“過去不可能做過，肯定沒做過某事”。
③此外，can/could have done還可用于疑問句中表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)的不太有把握的推測，意為“過去可能做過……嗎?”
注意：表推測的情態(tài)動詞只有can/could，常用于疑問句中。
④情態(tài)動詞may/might +have done表示對已發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)進行不肯定的推測，might語氣稍弱一點兒，只能用于肯定句和否定句中，意為“過去可能做過某事或過去可能沒做過某事”。
It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因為路還濕著。
You must have seen the film the Gold Rush.
你肯定看過電影《淘金熱》。
My sister met him at the theatre last night, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.
我姐姐昨天晚上在電影院遇見了他，所以他肯定沒參加你的演講。
I can’t find Tom anywhere in the office building. Where can he have gone?
我在辦公樓的任何地方都找不到湯姆。他有可能去哪里了呢？
You might have read about it in the papers.
你可能在報上已經(jīng)看過這個消息了。
高手過招
用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①?Where Margaret (can; put) the empty bottles?
?She (can; throw) them away. They must be somewhere.
②?Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten to three.
?Goodness me! The class (must; begin).
I’ll be late again.
答案:①can; have put; can?t have thrown ②must have begun
15. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能讓永慧哄騙人們后跑掉。
have sb./sth. doing sth.讓某人/某事一直做某事，表示一個持續(xù)的動作。用于否定句中表示不允許某人做某事。
He had me waiting for him for two hours. I can’t bear it any more!
他讓我等了兩個小時，我再也無法忍受了！
It’s rude of you to speak to father like that and I won’t have you speaking to father like that in future.
你那樣跟父親說話很粗魯，今后我不會再容忍你那樣跟父親說話了。
Won’t have sb./sth. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事/容忍某物
have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在do之前加上to)
have sb./sth. done sth. 請別人做某事(自己不去做或無法做); (主語)遭受了不好的事情
I’d have you know that I am ill.我要讓你知道我病了。
Jack must have his motorbike repaired.
杰克必須把他的摩托車修理一下。
高手過招
用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①To my despair, the doctor me (have; wait) in the room for the whole afternoon.
②I my watch (have; repair) because it didn’t work.
③I can’ t him (have; make) noise all the time.
④Yesterday Mum Tim (have; tidy) his room since it was in a mess.
⑤The woman her handbag (have; rob) yesterday.
答案:①had; waiting②had; repaired
③have;making④had; tidy⑤had; robbed
16. I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu, ...
我本來以為你是一位新顧客，現(xiàn)在我才發(fā)現(xiàn)你只是過來打探我和我的菜譜的……
I thought/I didn’t know/I didn’t think表明說話人以前的想法，賓語從句隨之用過去時或過去將來時。
I never thought you would come to see me and bring me such a wonderful gift.
我根本沒想到你會來看我并給我?guī)�來如此好的禮物。
高手過招
單項填空
Oh, it’s you. I you in this city. How long have you been here? (2009?12?河北邯鄲檢測)

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