初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):虛擬語(yǔ)氣

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
虛擬,在漢語(yǔ)中表示一種假設(shè)的,不存在的情況,同樣,英語(yǔ)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí),所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。在初中階段,虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般用于下列情況:
一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be通常用were),主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí)上我不可能是你)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼,我就可以給她打電話了。(事實(shí)上我不知道)
2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句:主語(yǔ)+had done , 主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done ,例如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動(dòng)身太遲了)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。 (事實(shí):去晚了)
3、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
從句:①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do 主句:①主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do   
②if+主語(yǔ)+did/were ②主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do    
③if+主語(yǔ)+should+do ③主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do 
例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去嗎?(大概他不會(huì)去)
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.   如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話,我就跟他談?wù)劇?(事實(shí):來(lái)的可能性很小)
注意與說(shuō)明:對(duì)于與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情形,請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
一是這里說(shuō)的與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,實(shí)為對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè);
二是此用法中的條件從句謂語(yǔ)除用過(guò)去式外,有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬(wàn)一”)或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè));
三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語(yǔ)時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)除可用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣外,也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣或祈使語(yǔ)氣。如:
I should see him, I'll tell him. 萬(wàn)一我見(jiàn)到他,我就告訴他。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬(wàn)一明天下雨,就別等我了。
二、wish 后賓語(yǔ)從句
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 。例如:  
I wish I had your brains.   我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實(shí):我根本比不上你)   
2、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:had+done   例如:
I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter.   我希望我那時(shí)就知道這件事情的真相。(事實(shí):那時(shí)還不知道)
3、表示將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:should/would(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) + 動(dòng)詞原形
I wish I should havea chance again.   我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。(事實(shí):很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了)
常見(jiàn)考法
對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查,在單項(xiàng)和完形填空中出現(xiàn)的較多,在閱讀理解中,也常會(huì)出現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。我們掌握了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,會(huì)幫助我們更好的理解短文。
典型例題:Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill, wouldn't be
B. had been ill, wouldn't have been
C. had been ill, should have been
D. hadn't been ill, could be
解析: 題干的意思是“ Mary今天病了,如果她沒(méi)生病,今天她就會(huì)去上學(xué)了”。因?yàn)榈谝痪湔f(shuō),Mary今天病了,所以本題考查的是與現(xiàn)在情況相反的事情,因之,主句用would、should、could+動(dòng)詞原型,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
答案:A
誤區(qū)提醒
1、在學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)候,要對(duì)過(guò)去、 現(xiàn)在、 將來(lái)的虛擬的做出正確的判斷。
2、一定要記住,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式,動(dòng)詞be要用were。
典型例題:I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell, if it had been
B. must have told, were it
C. should have told, had it been
D. should have told, should it be
解析:先分開(kāi)看此題,由于設(shè)空處在主句,所以先看主句,因?yàn)橛芍骶淇床怀鲱}目所表達(dá)的具體時(shí)間,所以再看從句,此從句是由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句,所表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),意為“我那時(shí)很忙”,所以,主句發(fā)生的事情是與過(guò)去事情相反的事情,因之,主句用could、should、would+動(dòng)詞原形,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
答案:C


本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.yy-art.cn/chuzhong/369998.html

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