反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。其中附加疑問句是對陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問,起證實(shí)作用,一般用于證實(shí)說話者所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)。
(表示說話者對某事有一定看法,但又不完全確定,需要對方加以證實(shí)。)翻譯為“是嗎”
二、反意疑問句的回答
回答時(shí),事實(shí)是肯定的用Yes;
若事實(shí)是否定的則用No。
三、反意疑問句的特殊情況
1.反意疑問句中問句部分的動(dòng)詞與陳述部分的動(dòng)詞在語氣上成相反的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,即:肯定+否定? 否定+肯定?
You can’t do it, can you?
你不能做它,是嗎?
They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
他們開會(huì)遲到了,是嗎?
2.附加問句的主語應(yīng)與陳述句的主語保持一致,且只能用人稱代詞替代。
You come from Beijing, don't you?
你來自北京,是不是?
3.當(dāng)陳述句中含有be動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞,或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),反問句部分由這些詞加上主語人稱代詞構(gòu)成:
Be動(dòng)詞包括:am, is, are, was, were
助動(dòng)詞有:do, does, did, have(用在完成時(shí)), has(用在完成時(shí))等
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should
He will go home, won’t he?
他要回家了,是嗎?
She doesn’t like to eat popcorn, does she?
她不喜歡吃爆米花,是嗎?
4.have的不同用法,反義疑問句用不同的動(dòng)詞
(1)have 表“有”時(shí),反義疑問句謂語動(dòng)詞用have/do都行
He has a new car, doesn’t/hasn’t he?
(2)have表“吃,喝,玩,度過,舉辦”等是,反義疑問句謂語動(dòng)詞用do
He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he?
They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they?
(3)have to表“不得不,必須”時(shí),反義疑問句謂語動(dòng)詞用do
Kite has to help her mother, doesn’t she?
(4)had better表“最好”時(shí),反義疑問句謂語動(dòng)詞用had
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we?
(5)have用在完成時(shí)中,反義疑問句謂語動(dòng)詞用have
They have known the matter, haven’t they?
5.(1)反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom,nobody, nothing, no one, none, neither等否定意義的詞時(shí),問句部分用肯定式。
She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn’t she?)
她從不說謊,是嗎?
He was seldom late, was he? (不用wasn’t he?)
他幾乎不遲到,是嗎?
He is hardly able to swim, is he?
There is little milk in your cup, is there?
(2)當(dāng)陳述部分所含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的,(也就是有un, dis-前綴、less-后綴等含有詞綴而意思否定的詞),當(dāng)做肯定句處理,其后的反意疑問句依然用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,是吧?
He dislikes English, doesn’t he?
6.陳述部分為There + be + 主語時(shí),問句部分用動(dòng)詞+there?形式。
There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?
碟子里有兩塊蛋糕,是嗎?
7.反意疑問句的陳述部分為I am……時(shí),問句部分習(xí)慣上用aren’t I?
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
我是個(gè)很誠實(shí)的人,是嗎?
8.陳述部分的主語為不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything時(shí),問句部分的主語用it。
Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?
電腦有問題了,是嗎?
Nothing has happened to them, has it?
他們什么事也沒發(fā)生,是嗎?
9.陳述部分的主語為不定代詞somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone) none, neither時(shí),問句部分的主語用he或 they,這時(shí)問句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。
Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
有人已經(jīng)坐了位置,是嗎?
Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they? .
每個(gè)人在比賽中已經(jīng)盡力了,是嗎?
10.陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this或that時(shí),反意疑問句的主語用it,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞these或those時(shí),其反意疑問句的主語用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it?
這是一架飛機(jī),是嗎?
These are grapes,aren't they?
這些是葡萄,是嗎?
11.當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,問句有4種情況:
(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”時(shí),附加問句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎?
(2)must表示“有必要”時(shí),附加問句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他們今天要完成這項(xiàng)工作,是嗎?
(3)當(dāng)must用來表示對現(xiàn) 在的情況進(jìn)行推測時(shí),問句通常要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞采用相應(yīng)的形式。
He must be good at English, isn’t he?
他英語一定學(xué)得很好,是嗎?
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she?
她一定是位優(yōu)秀的英語老師,是嗎?
12.當(dāng)陳述部分謂語動(dòng)詞是need,且這些詞被用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問句需用do的適當(dāng)形式。若need 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,疑問部分用need構(gòu)成。
We need to help them, don’t we?
You needn’t go there, need you?
13.陳述部分為祈使句
(1)若為let’s引導(dǎo),反問句用shall we?
Let’s go home together, shall we?
讓我們一起回家,好嗎?
(2)若為let us/me引導(dǎo) 和否定祈使句,都用will you?
Let us stop to rest, will you?
讓我們停下休息,好嗎?
Don’t make any noise, will you?
別弄出噪音,好嗎?
(3)肯定祈使句則用will you 或won’t you 都行
Do sit down, won’t you? / will you?
請坐,好嗎?
You feed the bird today, will you?
今天你喂鳥,是嗎?
Please open the window, will you? (won’t you?)
打開窗,好嗎?
14.陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),反義疑問句主語常與主句主語一致。
She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she?
【補(bǔ)充】但主句主語為第一人稱I/We,謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, imagine, expect等時(shí),反義疑問句主語常與從句主語一致,并注意否定前移。
I think he is a good student, isn’t he?
We don’t think you are right, are you?
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