�。ㄒ唬┩评眍}常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式
常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問(wèn)�；蛱釂�(wèn)中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如probably，most likely等。
�。ǘ┩评眍}的解題思路
如何做好推理判斷題？筆者以為，考生做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的弦外之音。
首先，要求考生在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，考生一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬(wàn)不可脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。
其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。
再次，在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題 思想 、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。
針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。
針對(duì)主題 思想 作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題 思想 ，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證(opinion and fact)、原因與結(jié)果(cause and effect)、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)(main idea and supporting idea)。
�。ㄈ┩评眍}的解題方法
1. 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理
做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
例 2003安徽春季D篇
69. The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.
A. suffer from poor health
B. feel tired and nervous
C. dream more often
D. breathe quickly
解析 解題時(shí)抓住第一段After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. 中Sleep is necessary for good health.去理解。利用逆向思維，我們很容易推斷出這一結(jié)論：一個(gè)人睡眠不足會(huì)對(duì)他的健康有害(suffer from poor health), 所以答案為Ａ。
2. 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷
做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。
例NMET1998 D篇
65． Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck？
A． The British air strikes．
B． The damage done by the Hood．
C． Gunfire from the British warships．
D． Luetjens decision to run for France．
解析 德國(guó)軍艦Bismarck號(hào)素有不沉艦的美稱，然而最后還是葬身海底。造成這種下沉的直接原因是什么？短文中未直接陳述。這就需要我們利用短文中的信息綜合起來(lái)去推斷。
德軍艦第一次與英軍艦交火后，But in the fight，the Bismarck was slightly damaged．可見(jiàn)，英軍艦Hood號(hào)給德軍艦Bismarck號(hào)造成的損壞不足以使它下沉。故B不對(duì)。第一次交火后，德軍艦Bismarck號(hào)上的指揮官Luetjens命令軍艦駛向法國(guó)進(jìn)行維修（Her commander decided to run for repairs to France，which had at that time been taken by the Germans．），這更不是使它下沉的直接原因。D也不對(duì)。5月26日，英國(guó)空軍發(fā)現(xiàn) Bismarck并向Bismarck開(kāi)火（Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her，the British fired at her from the air．The Bismarck was hit．），Bismarck被擊中。正如文中所講，英國(guó)空軍主要是想攔截Bismarck號(hào)，使它減速，以便后面的英艦趕上。這表明英空軍對(duì) Bismarck開(kāi)火也不足以使Bismarck下沉，A也不對(duì)。On the morning of May 27，the last battle was fought．Four British ships fired on the Bismarck，and she was finally sunk． 5月27日四艘英國(guó)戰(zhàn)艦趕到并一齊向Bismarck開(kāi)火（Four British ships fired on the Bismarck），最后使她下沉（She was finally sunk）。這就是直接原因，故正確選項(xiàng)為C。
3. 利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷
幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性就能在把握主旨文意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性 詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨文意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。
例 NMET2000年閱讀理解B篇
59． The writers purpose in writing this story is ________．
A． to tell an interesting experience
B． to show the easiest way out of difficulty
C． to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D． to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
從原文中 As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was good , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything .I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work , I dont know who was more embarrassed(尷尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 可看出文章敘述了一位新婚主婦按烹調(diào)書(shū)做發(fā)面失敗的尷尬經(jīng)歷。 但是全文充滿了一種諷刺幽默的筆調(diào), 文章最后一句帶俏皮感，說(shuō)明主人公心情并不沉重，而是感到有點(diǎn)好笑，所以答案應(yīng)選A。作者寫作目的是自述一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)B肯定為錯(cuò)誤答案，因?yàn)樗c本文首句(The easy way out isnt always easiest)不合; D反映作者寫作目的是解釋從書(shū)本上學(xué)烹飪的困難，也不對(duì)，因?yàn)樽髡卟⑽丛敿?xì)介紹主人公從書(shū)本上學(xué)烹飪是如何力不從心的; 主人公并不會(huì)天天面對(duì)這種煩惱，選項(xiàng)C為錯(cuò)誤答案。雖然全文語(yǔ)境含貶義，但文章的言外之意需要讀者對(duì)作者寫作意圖做深層挖掘,若不然就會(huì)被誤導(dǎo)而作出錯(cuò)誤判斷。
4. 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度
作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想 傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。
例 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder， bribery（行賄），and death．Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news．
This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ ．
A． complain B． apologize
C． amuse D． inform
解析 作者一是向讀者說(shuō)明這份報(bào)紙上只登載壞新聞，如兇殺、行賄受賄和死亡等；二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒 （對(duì)壞新聞厭惡透了），故應(yīng)選A。
5. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論
邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫，也可按因果關(guān)系, 對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)描寫。
例 We are in the computer age．We often see computers at work．They are especially useful in automatic control，data processing（數(shù)據(jù)處理）and solving complicated problems．And they are finding their way into the home．The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day．
More and cleverer computers will continue to appear．They will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfully．They will take over more tasks from us，helping to change the face of our world．Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us．
However．．．
Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph？
A． Computers will soon stop developing．
B． Many people like computers very much．
C． Computers are as clever as man．
D． I do not think computers will replace us completely．
解析 本文采用了對(duì)比關(guān)系法來(lái)描寫，前面描寫了計(jì)算機(jī)的長(zhǎng)處，但作者用However一詞預(yù)示著將引出相反的觀點(diǎn)，故答案為D。
6. 結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷
知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己 掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。
例 NMET1996 A篇
53. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a childrens hospital.
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C. The conditions there arent very good.
D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard.
解析 本文講述了一位母親采用拖地計(jì)謀混進(jìn)病房探視女兒的故事。由常識(shí)可知醫(yī)院內(nèi)拖地并非醫(yī)生 護(hù)士的工作，選項(xiàng)D不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)與文中的Its a fine hospital意思相矛盾。A項(xiàng)依據(jù)不充分，女兒未必都是兒童。正確答案是B。文中I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. 則暗示此規(guī)章在探視時(shí)間上是嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的，而且在實(shí)際生活中我們都知道醫(yī)院探視病人是有嚴(yán)格的制度的。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/310501.html
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