英語的語態(tài)有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。當主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，用主動語態(tài);主語是動作的承受者時，即謂語動詞與主語在邏輯上有“動賓關(guān)系”時，用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)一般由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：

1. Visitors ________ not to touch the exhibits. (全國卷)

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

【分析】答案選D。visitors是request這個動作的承受者，即request與visitors是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，應由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，只有D符合。

2. In some parts of the world, tea ________ with milk and sugar. (全國卷)

A. is serving B. is served

C. serves D. served

【分析】答案選B。tea是serve這個動作的承受者，即serve與tea是動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)就應由be與serve的過去分詞構(gòu)成，只有B正確(from www.nmet168.com)。

3. according to the art dealer, the painting ________ to go for at least a million dollars. (四川卷)

A. is expected B. expects

C. expected D. is expecting

【分析】答案選A。the painting是expect (預料、估計)這個動作的承受者，即expect與the painting是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，只有A正確。

4. I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. (全國卷)

A. gave B. was given

C. was giving D. had given

【分析】答案選B。I是give這個動作的承受者，即give與I是動賓關(guān)系，選B。

5. All the employees except the manager ________ to work online at home. (廣東卷)

A. encourages B. encourage

C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

【分析】答案選D。all the employees是encourage的承受者，要用被動語態(tài)，排除A和B。句子的主語是all the employees，而不是the manager，排除C。

6. A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift. (全國卷)

A. is offered B. has offered

C. are offered D. have offered

【分析】答案選A。a library是offer的承受者，要用被動語態(tài);又因主語(library)是單數(shù)，只有A正確。with five thousand books是a library是定語。

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