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本文題目：高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題怎么做

高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題是考生感到棘手的題型之一。筆者對(duì)近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題作了細(xì)致的分析并加以歸類后，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤類型主要集中在以下方面。(例題保留原題號(hào))

1. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

每年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的小題，而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。

(1)(2003全國(guó)卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read

(and連接并列謂語(yǔ))

(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized

(and連接并列謂語(yǔ))

(3)(2004全國(guó)卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk

(根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took

(把照片寄給你，應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的，用過(guò)去時(shí))

(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is

(從上下文判斷，應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用is)

(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept

(and連接并列謂語(yǔ))

2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一，改動(dòng)的依據(jù)有：一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

(1)(2003全國(guó)卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words

(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來(lái)決定。)

(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months

(several修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)

(3)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes

(a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)

(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years

(one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式)

(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages

(從there are 判斷應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù))

3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤范圍龐大，解答高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題主要可以從以下幾方面來(lái)思考：1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?/p>

(1)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as

(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))

(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why

(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))

(3)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work

(缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows

(主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Earning their own money，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用單數(shù))

(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was

(主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù))

4. 贅述

高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來(lái)看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。

(1)(2003全國(guó)卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should

(并列謂語(yǔ)，should多余)

(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about

(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)

(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to

(look up a word查字典)

(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to

(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形)

(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for

(but是連詞for是介詞，不能并列)

5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語(yǔ)、固定搭配)

所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語(yǔ)中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語(yǔ)中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。

(1)(2003全國(guó)卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking

(enjoy doing為固定短語(yǔ))

(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at

(laugh at sb. 固定短語(yǔ))

(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with

(provide ... with為固定短語(yǔ))

(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for

(thank sb for sth)

(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with

(with money)

6. 冠詞

英語(yǔ)中冠詞只有三個(gè)，從高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的角度來(lái)看，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。

(1)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the

(根據(jù)句義是特指這個(gè)周末)

(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a

(我是一個(gè)男孩，應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a.)

(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an

(English開(kāi)頭字母是元音，應(yīng)該用an)

(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the

(名詞后由從句修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)使用定冠詞)

(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China 83. ∧a

7. 代詞

代詞不僅要與其所指代對(duì)象一致，其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語(yǔ)氣及邏輯關(guān)系。

(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their

(指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致)

(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them

(pupils 是復(fù)數(shù),后應(yīng)該用替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞的代詞。)

(3)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their

(指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致)

(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him

(play a trick on sb)

8. 連詞及與并置問(wèn)題

連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點(diǎn)是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。

(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and

(從句意可知，此處表并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and)

(2)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and

(并列關(guān)系，“于是、同時(shí)、然后”等意思)

(3)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet

(連接的詞性應(yīng)一致)

9. 易混淆的詞或詞組

易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞，也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯(cuò)題中不容忽視的部分。

(1)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy

(be easy 非常容易，形容詞做表語(yǔ))

(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately

(副詞做狀語(yǔ))

(3)(2003全國(guó)卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything

(在陳述句中一般用everything)

(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible

(作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞)

(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible

(系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ))

以上錯(cuò)誤類型的劃分不一定很科學(xué)，但至少能為考生解答高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題提供思考方法。一旦考生認(rèn)清了高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及錯(cuò)誤類型，解題時(shí)就不會(huì)盲目從事，而能做到有的放矢。

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