A Graded Reader?
A graded reader is a book containing simplified languages used to help learners master the language.Readers come in different levels,from beginners to advanced.English learners need to choose a reader that is suitable for their level.?
Why use readers??
Lots of research shows that extensive reading improves all aspects of language learning,including vocabulary,speaking skills,fluency,writing skills and reading comprehension.?
Reading is a way of learning English without classes or a teacher.It helps develop learner independence.And while reading graded readers,learners don’t have to run to a dictionary because the language is at their level.?
How do I get started??
The entire class can read the same book or different books at different times.?
How do I know the right level??
If your class is all reading the same book,choose one that is appropriate for their level.If your students are reading different books,you can have a selection of books at different levels.In this case,don’t worry too much about the level.A learner who is interested in detective stories might read a higher level book if the motivation is there.?
How to read the book depends on students’ age,motivation and class time available.Some classes like to read silently,others like to read aloud in small groups and some enjoy being read to by the teacher.Be sensitive to the class and ask for their opinions.?
Some pre-reading activities are needed.Before students open a book,it is important to spark interest in the story and in the whole process of reading.For example,ask them to guess what the story is from cover,chapter titles and let students put them in the best order,or discuss the author.?
During reading,choose a suitable chapter or chapters that can be broken down to make a comic strip.Or students select a part of the book to make into a radio play.Students can also become journalists and report on parts of the story.Choose a piece of action and have students write it up.Besides,students can role-play an interview with a character.?
Ⅱ.知識(shí)歸納?
1.stick(stuck,stuck)v.?
(1)貼，粘?
Two pages of the dictionary stuck together.?
這部詞典中有兩頁(yè)粘在了一起。?
(2)插，扎，固定在某處?
I found a nail sticking in the tyre.?
我發(fā)現(xiàn)輪胎上有個(gè)釘子。?
(3)卡住，陷在……里（無(wú)法移動(dòng)）?
The heavy snow stuck the traffic for hours.?
大雪使交通中斷了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。?
（4）隨便放某處?
Stick it on the desk.?
就把它放在桌子上吧。?
（5）忍受（主要用在口語(yǔ)中）?
We don’t like hot weather.But last summer I stuck it in the south for a few weeks.?
我們不喜歡大熱天，但去年夏天我在南方遭受了好幾個(gè)星期的大熱天。?
（6）老待在某處?
She’s stuck(=has to stay)at home all day with the children.?
她不得不整天待在家且照看孩子。?
stick at?
(1)堅(jiān)持干（某事），努力干（某事）?
He sticks at his work ten hours a day.?
他堅(jiān)持每天工作10小時(shí)。?
（2）讓……阻礙自己，因……而停滯不前，就是要……也在所不惜?
He wouldn’t stick at cheating to get what he wanted.?
為得到他想要的東西，就是騙人的事他也干得出來(lái)。?
stick out?
(1)伸出，突出?
How his stomach sticks out!?
他肚子好大�。�?
（2）伸出某物?
Stick out your tongue to let the doctor have a look.?
伸出舌頭來(lái)讓醫(yī)生看一下。?
（3）顯得突出?
She has her hair dyed red,which always sticks out in a crowd.?
她把頭發(fā)染紅了，因此在人群中總是很顯眼。?
（4）堅(jiān)持到底，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)?
The workers are determined to stick out until they get their demands.?
工人們決心堅(jiān)持到底，達(dá)到他們的要求。?
stick to?
(1)堅(jiān)持（真理等）?
I stick to what I said yesterday.?
我堅(jiān)持昨天我說(shuō)的話。?
(2)堅(jiān)持干（某事）?
He will stick to his task until it is finished.?
他決心堅(jiān)持干他的工作，直到把它干完。?
（3）遵循，按……做（講），跟著……走?
We’ve decided to stick to our previous plan.?
我們已經(jīng)決定按既定計(jì)劃去做。?
(4)忠于（某人），（和……）長(zhǎng)期保持友好關(guān)系?
I will stick to my friend Tom whatever is said of him.?
無(wú)論別人說(shuō)什么，我將忠于我的朋友湯姆。?
stick up?
(1)伸出來(lái)，舉起?
Stick up your hand if you know the answer.?
如果知道答案你就舉手。?
（2）貼上?
The examination results will be stuck up on this board tomorrow.?
考試結(jié)果明天將貼在告示牌上。?
2.adopt v.?
(1)采取，采用，采納?
They adopted my suggestion finally.?
他們最終采納了我的建議。?
（2）通過(guò)?
The board adopted the proposal after much debate.?
經(jīng)過(guò)多次辯論，董事會(huì)采納了他的建議。?
（3）收養(yǎng)?
As they had no children of their own,they adopted an orphan.?
因?yàn)樽约簺](méi)有孩子，他們收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)孤兒。?
3.acquire v.?
（1）（經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)過(guò)程或通過(guò)自己的努力）得到，獲得（后面跟抽象名詞）?
Mary acquired confidence.?
瑪麗有了自信。?
（2）（經(jīng)過(guò)努力）得到（具體的東西）?
By the time Jannes was twenty,he had acquired a store of his own.?
到二十歲時(shí)，Jannes擁有了屬于他自己的商店。?
4.sense作名詞?
（1）視覺(jué)，聽覺(jué)，嗅覺(jué)等官能（可數(shù)）?
Those who can’t see often have a fine sense of hearing.?
眼睛看不見的人往往聽力好。?
(2)“感覺(jué)”（多作單數(shù)），�？勺g為“……感”。?
A sense of accomplishment often accompanies hard effort.?
成就感往往和艱苦的努力結(jié)伴而行。?
My teacher had a sense of humour.?
我的老師有幽默感。?
（3）觀念，概念?
He has no sense of discipline.?
他沒(méi)有紀(jì)律觀念。?
（4）頭腦（不可數(shù)）?
He had enough sense to know what it meant.?
他有足夠的頭腦，會(huì)知道這是什么意思的。?
（5）意思，意義（可數(shù)）?
The word “of” has many senses.?
“of”有多種意義。?
make sense有意義，有道理，能被理解?
The whole article doesn’t make sense.?
整篇文章意思看不懂。?
make sense of懂，理解?
I didn’t make sense of what he said.?
我聽不懂他說(shuō)的話。?
There is no sense in doing sth.?
（做某事）沒(méi)有道理。?
There is no sense worrying.?
擔(dān)心沒(méi)有道理。?
sense作動(dòng)詞是 “感覺(jué)到，覺(jué)察出”的意思。?
He sensed the approaching disaster.?
他感覺(jué)到災(zāi)難即將來(lái)臨。?
Ⅲ.詞語(yǔ)辨析?
1.awful,terrible,dreadful,horrible,horrid?
awful具有“由于對(duì)某個(gè)強(qiáng)大的，偉大的，具有特殊意義的人或事物的尊敬，崇拜和畏懼而引起的駭怕”的隱微含義。有時(shí)僅表示“非常的，大的”。?
The band plays the awful music of “Don Juan” before the statue enters.?
在塑像出來(lái)之前，樂(lè)隊(duì)奏“唐?璜”中的令人恐怖的音樂(lè)。?
She has got an awful lot of work to do.?
她有很多工作要做。?
terrible表示“對(duì)某種具有較大力量的東西的懼怕；恐怖的；能使人痛苦的”。?
A terrible fire destroyed six houses.?
可怕的大火燒毀了六所房屋。?
dreadful有“因害怕和恐懼而引起驚恐”的含義。?
Cancer is a dreadful disease.?
癌癥是一種可怕的病。?
horrible有“與其說(shuō)是引起害怕和恐懼的感覺(jué)，不如說(shuō)是引起討厭和仇恨；可惡的”和“使人憎惡的”等隱含的意義。?
From the fish dealers’ stalls arises a horrible smell.?
在賣魚攤上冒出一股令人厭惡的氣味。?
horrid的意義和形容詞horrible相近，隱含有“可惡的，討厭的”等意義。?
What a horrid nuisance!?
真討厭！?
2.get,receive,obtain,gain，acquire?
get“得，取得，獲得”，具有最廣泛的意義，是口語(yǔ)中最普通的用詞，不管通過(guò)任何方式取到手，都可用get，可以代換本組其他各同義詞。?
I went from one place to another but got the same answer everywhere.?
我走了一處又一處，但聽到的回答都是一樣的。?
receive隱含主體的消極性，如：他只是接受別人送給他的東西（to receive the letter,news,telegram收到信、消息、電報(bào)；to receive punishment接受懲罰）。?
On the third day he wrote to her and received an answer.?
第三天他給她寫了一封信，并收到了回信。?
obtain“得，得到”，是書面用語(yǔ)，隱含主體的主動(dòng)性，主體盡了一定的努力，或至少是表示出強(qiáng)烈的愿望才得到了什么；強(qiáng)調(diào)達(dá)到目的這一事實(shí)。?
He obtained much experience through his work.?
他通過(guò)工作得到很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。?
gain“得，獲得”，隱含“要花費(fèi)力氣或通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和斗爭(zhēng)才能獲得”的意義，并指所得的東西有一定的好處和利益。?
He could hardly gain a livelihood in Paris.?
他在巴黎難以謀生。?
acquire“獲得，取得”，通過(guò)自己的努力或行為而使原有的東西更多，并成為永久所有；也指慢慢并漸次地獲得，如智力等。?
You must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.?
要獲得良好的外語(yǔ)知識(shí)，你必須努力。?
3.effective,efficient?
effective(adj.)“有效，有效力，生效，有效果”，指得到所希望的結(jié)果或產(chǎn)生比較長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的效果，可以用于人或事，用于人時(shí)，指所做的事收到一定的效果，有時(shí)也指印象深刻或顯眼等。?
He is an effective speaker.?
他是個(gè)有力的發(fā)言者。?
People were deeply impressed with this effective scheme of decoration.?
這個(gè)有效的裝飾設(shè)計(jì)給了人們深刻的印象。?
efficient(adj.)“有效率的，得力的，效果好，有能力，有本領(lǐng)”，這個(gè)詞除了指效果好以外，還含有方法好，做事不太費(fèi)勁的意味，用于人、事物或行為，但用以形容人時(shí)，要指有才干的人。?
Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.?
有效率的管理是降低成本的一個(gè)因素。?
An efficient executive,he soon had matters running smoothly.?
他是一個(gè)有本領(lǐng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，很快就使事情順利進(jìn)行了。?
Ⅳ.能力訓(xùn)練?
同義句型轉(zhuǎn)換?
1.老師要求學(xué)生記住這首詩(shī)。?
（1）The teacher asked the students to_______the poem.?
(2)The teacher asked the students to_______the poem.?
(3)The teacher asked the students to_______the poem_______ _______.?
答案：(1)memorize (2)remember（3）learn;by heart?
2.她幻想太多，成績(jī)退步，落人之后。?
（1）She dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.?
(2)She dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.?
答案：(1)fell behind in (2)did not know?
3.我今天有許多工作要做。?
（1）I’ve got_______of work to do today.?
(2)I’ve got_______of work to do today.?
(3)I’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.?
(4)I’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.?
(5)I’ve got_______ _______of work to do today.?
答案：(1)piles (2)lots (3)a great deal (4)a large amount (5)large quantities?
4.我們天生有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的能力。?
(1)We are_______with a special ability to learn a language.?
(2)We_______ _______ _______ _______ _______learning a language.?
(3)We have_______ _______ _______to learn a language_______.?
答案：（1）equipped (2)have a natural gift for (3)a special ability;naturally?
5.他們是雙胞胎，很少有人能把他們區(qū)別開。?
(1)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.?
(2)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.?
(3)They are twins.Few people can_______ _______one and the other.?
(4)They are twins.Few people can_______ _______ _______ _______one and the other.?
(5)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.?
答案：(1)distinct;from (2)tell;from (3)tell apart (4)make a distinction between (5)differentiate;from?
6.他不顧及我在此事上的感受，繼續(xù)往下說(shuō)。?
(1)He continued speaking, _______ _______my feeling on the matter.?
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相關(guān)閱讀：Body Language and Non-verbal Communication