2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復習講義精品薈萃外研版必修四odule 3
知識詳解
1 involve vt. 包括；涉及；使參與
(回歸本P22)Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person，but they always involve the hands.
亞洲人打招呼是不包括接觸他人身體的，但經(jīng)常會用到手。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我們每個人作出的決定都包含碰運氣的成分。
②(牛津P1078)I was so involved in my book that I didn’t hear you knock.
我全神貫注在看書，沒聽到你敲門。
③Don’t involve me in your quarrel.
不要把我卷入你們的爭吵。
④ost people don’t realize the amount of effort that is involved in writing a novel.
大多數(shù)人都不明白寫一本小說要花多少心血。
即境活用
1．All the children were ________in the school English competition held on Sunday.
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．joined
C．involved D．connected
解析：選C。句意為“所有的孩子都參加了學校星期天的英語競賽”。注意題中使用了被動結(jié)構，A、B首先被排除；D項常見的搭配是be connected to或be connected with，不與介詞in搭配；be involved in...“參加了……”。
2.________in reading the book all evening，he took no notice of everything.
A．Involving B．Involved
C．Involve D．To involve
解析：選B。be involved in doing sth.表示“專心于干某事”，故B項正確。
2 deal n． 協(xié)議，交易
v． 經(jīng)營；買賣；處理
(回歸本P22)We shake hands when we make a deal.
達成了協(xié)議，我們就握握手。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①(高考大綱全國卷Ⅰ)They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.
他們既學習如何經(jīng)營咖啡店，也學習如何處理自己的事務。
②He knew a good deal more than I did.
他懂得比我多很多。
③The company has made a new deal with a buyer in America.
這家公司與美國的一位買主做了一筆新生意。
易混辨析
do with ，deal with
在表示“處理，對待”時，do with和deal with在陳述句中可以互相替換。但是在特殊疑問句中，表示“怎么處理，怎么對待”時，用法不同。
即do with中，do是及物動詞，其后需接賓語，而deal with中deal是不及物動詞，其后不能接賓語。
①Last summer I took a course on what to do with poisonous gases.
＝Last summer I took a course on how to deal with poisonous gases.
②What do you do with the difficulties you face?
＝How do you deal with the difficulties you face?
即境活用
3．—Take it；it is really a bargain.You won’t get a cheaper one in this world.
—O，it’s a ________.
A．price B．prize C．deal D．truth
解析：選C�？疾槊~詞義。根據(jù)語境可知“買賣成交”，因此用deal。而price“價格”；prize“獎品”；truth“事實”，都與語境不符，故答案為C。
4.The classroom is very noisy，but the green headteacher doesn’t know________.
A．how to do with it B．what to deal with it C．how to deal with it D．what to do with
解析：選C�！霸鯓犹幚砟呈隆庇袃煞N表達方式：ho..deal with sth.和what...do with sth.，故選擇C。
3 favour(favor) n． 幫助，恩惠，贊成，關心，偏袒
v． 支持；喜愛；偏袒，有助于
(回歸本P28)Can I ask you a favour?
我能請你幫個忙嗎？
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
今天你能幫我個忙去學校接姆嗎？
②She always favours her youngest child.
她總是偏愛她最小的孩子。
③(朗P694)She’s very much in favour with the management at the moment.
她目前很受管理層的喜愛。
④Yet polls still show a narrow majority of Europeans in favour of taking in more countries.
可是民意調(diào)查顯示依然有過半數(shù)的歐洲人同意接納更多的國家。
即境活用
5．A fashion ________this year may be ________next year.
A．out of favour；into favour
B．in favour；out of favour
C．in favour of；of favour
D．to favour；out of favour
解析：選B。in favour“受歡迎的，流行的”；out of favour“失寵的，不受歡迎的”。
4 request vt. 請求；要求
n． 請求；要求；邀請
(回歸本P28)r.and rs.Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of...
哈里•布倫基特夫婦誠邀您光臨……的婚禮。
歸納總結(jié)
①You are requested not to speak aloud in the reading room.
你不要在閱覽室大聲喧嘩。
②The staff immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.
員工立即要求他重新考慮他的決定。
③(朗P1737)They have made an urgent request for international aid.
他們緊急要求國際援助。
④Further details will be sent on request.
詳細資料承索即寄。
⑤He was there at the request of his manager.
他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。
6．(高考湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people________you to take by social customs，law or religion.
A．persuade B．request C．instruct D．expect
解析：選D。句意：所謂職責，是人們希望通過社會習俗、法律或宗教而讓我們采取的一種行為或行動方式。本題考查動詞辨析。expect sb.to do sth.“期待/盼望某人做某事”，符合題意和搭配。request sb.to do sth.表示“(以口頭或書面形式)要求，(尤指)請求某人做某事”，如：I requested him to help.我請求他幫忙。persuade sb.to do sth.說服或勸說某人做某事；instruct sb.to do sth.“吩咐/命令/指導某人做某事”，都不符合句意。
7.The newly¬founded chess club formaly ________us to attend the opening ceremony.
A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded
解析：選A。request 常用于正式場合的請求。句意為：這家新成立的象棋俱樂部正式邀請我們參加開幕式。
5 give away 暴露(自己的情況)；泄露；贈送；頒發(fā)
(回歸本P22)People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人們通過姿勢表達的意思要比通過話語表達得更多。
歸納總結(jié)
①(朗P874)He said he hadn’t told her, but his face gave him away.
他說他沒有告訴她，但是他的表情說明他在說謊。
②He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分錢都捐贈給慈善事業(yè)了。
③The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting.
校長在運動會上頒發(fā)獎品。
④They argued back and forth until finally Jack gave in.
他們反復爭論，直到最后杰克讓步為止。
⑤I was so frightened that my legs gave out，and I reached for the door.
我嚇得兩腿發(fā)軟，便伸手去扶門。
8.If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him________during the day.
A．a(chǎn)way B．up C．in D．back
解析：選A。句意是：如果一個人沒有足夠的睡眠，在白天，他的行為就會表露出。此句要用give away表示“泄漏；出賣”；give up放棄；give in屈服；讓步；give back收回。
9．(江蘇啟東中學)—As an old customer，would you ________some books for free to us?
—No problem.We’d love to.
A．pay off B．call off C．give away D．put away
解析：選C。give away 解釋為“送掉，分發(fā)；泄露，出賣……”；A解釋為“還清債；結(jié)清賬；努力等有報償”；B解釋為“叫(狗或人)走開(以停止攻擊)；取消”；D解釋為“把……收起，放好，儲存?zhèn)溆谩�。這里的意思是“免費送一些書給我們”，所以選C。
6 hold up 舉起，抬起；阻礙；使停頓；支撐
(回歸本P22)One person then holds up his hand，palm outwards and five fingers spread.
然后一個人舉起他的手，手掌向外，五指張開。
①Our flight was held up by fog.
我們的班機因有霧而停航。
②The roof is held up by pillars.
屋頂是由柱子支撐著的。
③Please hold up your hands if you have any questions.
如果有問題，請舉手。
10．It’s a pity that the building of the new road has been ________by bad weather.
A．held out B．held on C．held to D．held up
解析：D。句意為“很遺憾，新路的建造因惡劣的天氣而受到阻滯”。hold up“延遲，阻礙”；hold out“給予，支持”；hold on“堅持；抓住”。
11.I missed seeing my brother off at the airport because my car was ________in a traffic jam.
A．broken up B．lifted up C．held up D．kept up
解析：選C。hold up“停滯”；break up“分解”；lift up“提升”；keep up“保持”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Although these are very important，we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.(P22)
雖然這些很重要，但我們并不只是用口語和書面語進行交流。
【句法分析】 (1)more than＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于”，相當于over。
more than＋形容詞，表示“很”或“非�！钡囊馑�。
(2)在“more...than...”中，第一個意思是表比較，可譯為“比……更”；第二個意思是肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，可譯為“是……而不是……，與其……不如……”。
(3)no more than＋名詞或基數(shù)詞，意思是“不過；僅僅；只有”，相當于only。有感情色彩，側(cè)重數(shù)量少。而“not more than＋基數(shù)詞”，表示“至多，不超過”，相當于at most，只是指出數(shù)量或程度，沒有感情色彩。
①I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常高興用車把你送去。
②There were more than 100 people at the party.
有100多個人參加聚會。
③The consequence was much more than he imagined.
結(jié)果遠遠超過他的想像。
④The new edition is not more expensive than the old one.
新版本不比舊版本貴。
⑤China Daily is more than a newspaper.It helps to improve our English.
《中國日報》不僅僅是一種報紙，它還有助于提高我們的英語水平。
⑥His whole education added up to no more than one year.
他所接受的全部學校教育加起不超過一年。
12．(高考浙江卷)It took________building supplies to construct these energy¬saving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：選B。句意：建造這些節(jié)能住宅不僅僅需要供給建筑材料，還需要才智。more than意為“不僅僅”。other than常用于否定句，相當于but；rather than而不是；less than少于。
13.—Do you need any help，Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
解析：選B。句意：——你需要幫忙嗎，露西？——需要，這項工作我自己做不。A項意為“少于”；B項意為“多于”；C項意為“僅僅(only)”；D項意為“不多于”。
2【教材原句】 Indeed，body positions are part of what we call“body language”．(P22)
實際上，身體的身勢就是我們所說的“身勢語”的一部分。
【句法分析】 what是連接代詞，引導名詞性從句，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，常含有事情、狀況、言語、時間和地點的意思。如：
①What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
使學校驕傲的是90%的學生被重點大學錄取。(what表示事情)
②The city is not what it used to be.
這個城市不再是先前的模樣了。(what表示狀況)
③We were all confused by what he said just no
我們都對他剛才所說的話困惑不解了。(what表示言語)
④After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
好像過了幾個小時之后，他面帶苦笑地走了出。(what表示時間)
⑤They finally reached what is called America no
他們終于到了現(xiàn)在被叫做美洲的地方。(what表示地點)
14．(高考北京卷)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A．Whether B．What
C．That D．How
解析：選B。句意：一些人認為是劣勢的東西而另外許多人則會把它當作優(yōu)勢。本題考查主語從句。從句中謂語動詞regard后面缺少賓語，應用what作賓語并引導從句。
15.(高考北京卷)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
解析：選C。句意：我希望因為我自己的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)而被別人喜歡和愛戴。本題考查賓語從句的引導詞。根據(jù)題干，空格前為介詞，構成介賓結(jié)構，引導詞what放于從句中am后面作表語，意為“我是一個什么樣的人”，故選擇C項。
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