非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭?lèi)似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B�，F(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
請(qǐng)做以下類(lèi)似題(答案均選A)：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
比較以下各題，答案選B，因?yàn)榫渲惺褂昧瞬⒘羞B詞and：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
【陷阱】容易誤選C，受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式 to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。此句的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ) purpose 的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)做以下類(lèi)似試題(答案選B)：
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide
C. providing D. provided
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. to be tied B. being tied
C. tied D. having tied
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。從意義上看，hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D。在A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦?lái)意義，在此與語(yǔ)境不符�，F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較：B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說(shuō) his hands being tied 的實(shí)際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，這顯然與語(yǔ)境不符。而C為過(guò)去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請(qǐng)看下面一題：
Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds B. found
C. being found D. will find
答案選B而不選C，其中的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。
比較下面兩題，最佳答案是D不是A，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行：
(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.
A. argued B. to be argued
C. to be arguing D. being argued
(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.
A. turned B. having turned
C. to be turned D. being turned
6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.
A. of taking B. taking
C. to take D. take
【陷阱】容易誤選A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為C。比較以下三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：
remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事
remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做過(guò)某事(暗示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)
remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事(暗示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)
請(qǐng)看兩個(gè)例句：
I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做過(guò)的諾言。
My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影。
Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight
C. flight D. flying
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
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