高考英語易錯點(diǎn):名詞性從句中的易錯點(diǎn)
(一) that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:
①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析:在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語,對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。
感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上容易出錯,主要還是因?yàn)閷ΧㄕZ從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何謂同位語從句。
(二) 名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點(diǎn)
1. 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主語)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語)
2)謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語it. 例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)動詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.
例如:① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
、 we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短語動詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語it.
例如:① I’m counting on it that you will come.
、 She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.
注:作形式主語和形式賓語時(shí)只能用it.
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