Unit 2 Language單元復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案
詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．Research ____________(表明)that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.
2．Our music class ____________(組成)of 12 Chinese and 8 American students.
3．There are two ____________(官方的)languages in Canada：English and French.
4. I’d like to say that his ____________(發(fā)音)is much better than before.
5．It is certain that the ____________(進(jìn)程)will be slower than expected.
6．It is said that the situation in Iraq is out of __________ now.
7．A new ____________ will be set to guide this business.
8．He has made an important ____________ to the company’s success.
9．She found that she had great ____________ in understanding him.
10．The economic sanctions(制裁)could not prevent the____________ of that country.
11．At the sound of the gun，all the birds in the tree flew away in all____________.
12．Our ____________(origin)plan was to go to Spain，but it was too expensive.
1.indicates 2.consists 3.official 4.pronunciation 5.process 6.control 7.standard 8.contribution 9.difficulty 10.development 11.directions 12.original
短語匯集
1．____________________ 由……組成
2．____________________ 對(duì)……有影響
3．____________________ 總體上
4．____________________ 當(dāng)仆人
5．____________________ 因……而困惑
6．____________________ 向……抱怨……
7．____________________ 采取行動(dòng)做……
8．____________________ 拿起，舉起
9．____________________ 控制
10．____________________ (使)變成
11．____________________ 代表，象征
12．____________________ 在整個(gè)歷史進(jìn)程中
1．consist of/be made up of 2.have impact on 3.as a whole 4.work as a servant 5.get confused with
6．complain to sb.of/about sth. 7.take action to do
8．lift up... 9.take control of 10.turn into 11.stand for 12.throughout history
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P23)________ ________ ________，F(xiàn)rench still had an impact on the English language.
盡管如此，法語對(duì)英語還是產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。
2．(回歸課本P23)After the Norman Conquest，upper class people spoke French ________ common people spoke English.
諾曼征服后，上層階級(jí)說法語，而普通百姓則說英語。
3．(回歸課本P28)I understand now，but the question is ________ ________ I still cannot understand the meanings.
我現(xiàn)在明白了，但是問題是如果我仍然不明白意思我該怎么辦？
4．(回歸課本P38)The Chinese language ________ ________ many Western languages ________ ________ it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words.
漢語與很多西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于漢語使用的基本單位漢字本身就具有意義，可以獨(dú)立成詞。
5．(回歸課本P38)However，________ ________ characters are used to describe objects.
然而，并非所有的漢字都用來描述物體。
1.Despite this fact 2.while 3.what if 4.differs from；in that 5.not all
核心知識(shí)
1. rule vt.& n． 統(tǒng)治
(回歸課本P22)That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules.
正因?yàn)槿绱�，英語才成了一種具有許多令人困惑不解的規(guī)則的語言。
歸納拓展
(1)vt.控制，統(tǒng)治，支配
n．規(guī)則，規(guī)章，條例
(2)常用短語：
①rule sb./sth.out 把……排除在外
②rule sb.out of聲明某人不能參賽，阻止某人參賽
③as a (general)rule一般來說，通常
④make it a rule to do...照例要做……，通常
例句探源
①(牛津P1747)It’s against all rules and regulations.
這違背了所有的規(guī)章制度。
②(朗文P1787)African tribal societies were traditionally ruled by a council of elders.
非洲部落社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)上由長(zhǎng)老會(huì)控制。
③His injuries rule out a return to the field before the end of the season.
傷病使他無法在本賽季結(jié)束前重返運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。
1．(2010年高考江蘇卷)The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet，but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A．found out B．pointed out
C．ruled out D．carried out
解析：選C。句意：試驗(yàn)排除了那個(gè)星球上存在生命的可能，但是這并不意味著其他星球上沒有生命。rule out表示“排除”。A項(xiàng)“查明”，B項(xiàng)“指出”，D項(xiàng)“實(shí)行”。
2．完成句子
(1)我通常七點(diǎn)起床。
________ ________ ________，I get up at seven.
答案：As a rule
(2)如果你犯規(guī)，你會(huì)受到懲罰。
If you ________ ________ ________，you’ll be punished.
答案：break the rules
(3)他照例每天要吃一個(gè)蘋果。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ an apple every day.
答案：makes it a rule to eat
2. replace vt. 替換；取代；把……放回原處
(回歸課本P23)After the earlier invasion Celtic had been replaced with English.
早期入侵之后，凱爾特語被替換為英語。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1733)Have they hired anybody to replace Ken?
他們雇到人來接替肯了嗎？
②(牛津P1688)All the old carpets need replacing.
所有的舊地毯都需要更換。
③I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.
我小心翼翼地將杯子放回茶碟。
★3.When you have finished the book，please ________ it on the shelf.
A．replace B．take place
C．take place of D．in place of
解析：選A。replace“把……放回原處”，符合句意。take place“發(fā)生”；in place of“代替，取代”。
4．BBC engineers do not think that their ideas will ever ________ books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere.
A．replace B．take place
C．in place of D．instead of
解析：選A。replace在此處意為“代替，取代”。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，此處缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，可先排除介詞短語C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。而take place的意思為“發(fā)生”，和語境不相符合。
5．(2010年高考福建卷)More and more high?rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
解析：選C。由于缺少空間城市里建起了越來越多的摩天大樓。for lack of因缺乏，符合題意。in search of尋找；in place of代替；for fear of唯恐，以免。
3. raise v． 舉起，提高，撫養(yǎng)，籌錢
(回歸課本P23)At this point，many English people worked as servants who raised animals and cooked for the Normans.
在此期間，很多英國(guó)人淪為諾曼人的仆人，他們?yōu)橹Z曼人飼養(yǎng)牲畜，給諾曼人做飯。
歸納拓展
raise a baby 撫育孩子
raise wheat 種植小麥
raise one’s hand 舉起手
raise one’s voice 提高嗓門
raise salaries 提高工資
raise money 籌集資金
raise a question 提出問題
例句探源
①(牛津P1634)She raised her eyes from her work.
她停下工作，抬頭看了看。
②(朗文P1681)He’s raising the rent because he’s fixed up the apartment.他要提高租金，因?yàn)樗压⑿蘖艘幌隆?br />③You can’t raise a child in an environment like that.
在那樣的環(huán)境中沒法培養(yǎng)孩子。
④Each time he raised a question like that，she said，“I don’t know”．每次他問起那個(gè)，她總是說：“我不知道”。
⑤Our objective is to raise$200 for the school band.
我們的目標(biāo)是為校樂隊(duì)籌集200美元。
易混辨析
raise，rise，arise
(1)raise vt.舉起，抬起，抬高。說明主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作是要作用于其他事物的。
(2)rise vi.升起，上升，起立。說明主語自身移向更高的位置。
(3)arise vi.(風(fēng)、霧等)升起；出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生(問題)；起床；(由……)產(chǎn)生。rise和arise皆為不及物動(dòng)詞，都有“升起”的意思，但表示有形物體的上升或上漲用rise不用arise。
①We have no plans to raise taxes at present.
②House prices are likely to rise towards the end of this year.
③A mist arose from the lake during the night.
★6.(2009年高考江西卷)?What is the price of petrol these days?
?Oh，it ________ sharply since last month.
A．is raised B．has risen
C．has arisen D．is increased
解析：選B�？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和詞語的用法。根據(jù)題意可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語the price與rise之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。arise表示“出現(xiàn)”，語義不恰當(dāng)。
7．將下面的句子譯成漢語，注意raise的含義：
(1)This weight is too heavy.I can’t raise it.
_______________________________________
答案：這東西太重，我舉不起來。(raise舉起)
(2)He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
_________________________________________
答案：他提高嗓音目的是為了讓別人聽見。(raise提高)
(3)It’s difficult to raise a family on a small income.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：依靠微薄收入是很難養(yǎng)家的。(raise飼養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng))
(4)The problem is whether we can raise the money.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：?jiǎn)栴}是我們能否籌到錢。(raise籌錢)
(5)Does anyone have any points to raise?
________________________________________________________________________
答案：有人想要提出什么問題嗎？(raise提出)
(回歸課本P28)I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me.
我總在想父母到底什么時(shí)候會(huì)把他們答應(yīng)我的英文小說給我。
歸納拓展
(1)promise sb.sth. 答應(yīng)某人某事promise(sb.)to do sth./thatclause 答應(yīng)(某人)做某事
promise＋to be ＋n./adj. 給人以……的指望；有……的可能
(2)give/make a promise 許下諾言,keep/carry out a /one’s promise 遵守諾言
break a /one’s promise 違背諾言
(3)promising adj. 有前途的；有希望的；有出息的
【溫馨提示】
(1)“I promise to go”這種句型的否定式有三種表達(dá)方式，但意義不同。
I don’t promise to go.我沒有答應(yīng)要去。
I promise not/never to go.我答應(yīng)不去。
I don’t promise not to go.我并沒有答應(yīng)不去。
(2)名詞promise也可以和to do不定式及that?clause連用。
例句探源
①(朗文P1630)You made a promise，so you have to keep it.
既然你已經(jīng)許諾了，就要做到。
②(牛津P1587)The college principal promised to look into the matter.學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)答應(yīng)研究這個(gè)問題。
③You promised me that you’d be home early tonight.
你曾向我保證今晚會(huì)早回家的。
④He’s promised her daughter to buy her a new bike.
他已經(jīng)答應(yīng)女兒給她買輛新自行車。
⑤He promised his grandchildren the money.
他答應(yīng)給孫子們錢。
⑥It promised to be an exciting few days.
那可望是興奮刺激的幾天。
8．完成句子
(1)父母允諾我生日時(shí)送我一輛新的自行車。
My parents ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for my birthday.
＝My parents ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for my birthday.
答案：promised me a new bike；promised a new bike to me
(2)你答應(yīng)過每星期和朋友們打網(wǎng)球的，可你并不是很擅長(zhǎng)啊。
You have ________ ________ ________ ________ with your friends every week，but you are not very good at it.
答案：promised to play tennis
(3)她答應(yīng)一有空就來看我。
She ________ ________ she would come to see me as soon as she was free.
答案：promised that
(4)你若作出承諾去做什么事，你就應(yīng)該遵守諾言而不食言。
If you ________ a promise to do something，you should ________ it instead of ________ it.
答案：make；keep；breaking
★9.The young man made a ________ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A．prediction B．promise
C．plan D．contribution
解析：選B。句意：年輕人向他的父母許下諾言，畢業(yè)后要努力自謀生計(jì)。prediction預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)；promise諾言，保證；plan計(jì)劃，打算；contribution貢獻(xiàn)。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。
★10.(2010年高考福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money?making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns.
A．promised
B．were promised
C．have promised
D．have been promised
解析：選D。句意：每年都有大批農(nóng)民到深圳打工賺錢，在離開家鄉(xiāng)之前他們已被承諾可以獲得這些工作機(jī)會(huì)。本句中含有定語從句，修飾jobs。promise sb.sth.答應(yīng)某人某事，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句中的動(dòng)作之前，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。
5. set vt. 確定(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等)，判定(規(guī)則等)
n． (一)套，(一)部；裝置，設(shè)備
(回歸課本P29)A standard was first set for the English language when Henry Ⅶ was King of England.
亨利七世當(dāng)英國(guó)國(guó)王時(shí)，首次為英語設(shè)定了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1863)She smiled and set down her cup of coffee.
她笑了笑，把手中的那杯咖啡放下了。
②(牛津P1822)Her remarks set me thinking.
她的話引起了我的深思。
③The novel was set in London in the 1960s.
這部小說以20世紀(jì)60年代的倫敦為背景。
④Set the alarm for 7 o’clock.把鬧鐘設(shè)在7點(diǎn)。
⑤They haven’t set a date for their wedding yet.
他們還沒有確定婚禮日期。
⑥Could you set the table for dinner?
你把餐具排好，準(zhǔn)備開飯好嗎？
⑦I rely on you to set a good example.
我指望你來樹立一個(gè)好榜樣。
11．完成句子
(1)于是我就著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能用最簡(jiǎn)易的方法來捕蛇。
I ________ ________ ________ ________/________ ________ ________ the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.
答案：set out to research/set about researching
(2)那么每天都留出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來寫作，哪怕五分鐘也行。
So ________ ________ some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.
答案：set aside
(3)我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬……
I don’t want to ________ ________ a series of facts in a diary as most people do...
答案：set down
(4)我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該7點(diǎn)出發(fā)，趁那時(shí)道路暢通無阻。
I think we ought to ________ ________/________ ________ at 7∶00，while the roads are empty.
答案：set off/set out
(5)于是，1995年這個(gè)組織在北京設(shè)立了辦事處。
Then，in 1995，the organization ________ ________ an office in Beijing.
答案：set up
(6)他為我們樹立了好榜樣。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：set us a good example
★12.(2011年北京海淀高三檢測(cè)題)Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated it into German.
A．gave off B．turned down
C．took over D．set aside
解析：選D。句意：愛因斯坦如此喜歡波斯的論文以至于他把自己手頭的工作放置一邊來把波斯的論文翻譯成德語。本題是在語境中考查動(dòng)詞短語意義的辨析。選項(xiàng)A.gave off“發(fā)出(氣味、光、熱、聲音等)”，不符合句子內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)B.turned down有兩個(gè)意思：①調(diào)低(機(jī)器的熱度、音量等)；②拒絕(提議、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng))，這兩個(gè)意思都不符合句子內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)C.took over“接管，接手；接住”，從整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容看C項(xiàng)不合適。選項(xiàng)D.set aside“放下、放置”，符合句意，是正確答案。
6. access n．[U] (使用或見到的)機(jī)會(huì)，權(quán)力；通道，入口
vt. 接近；使用；到達(dá)；進(jìn)入
(回歸課本P29)Today，the spread of ‘borrowed words’is due to easily accessed television and radio programmes from across the world，and the Internet.
現(xiàn)在，外來詞的傳播主要是通過世界各地都可以方便地收看、收聽的電視，收音節(jié)目以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
歸納拓展
(1)have access to...能夠使用/見到/享有……
the access to a building到達(dá)/進(jìn)入大樓的通道
(2)accessible adj.可見到的，可使用的
be accessible to sb.某人可使用的，可看到的
例句探源
①(牛津P10)The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.去那農(nóng)舍的唯一通路是穿過田野。
②Students must have access to good resources.
學(xué)生必須有機(jī)會(huì)使用好的資源。
③(朗文P11)Healthcare should be made accessible to everyone.應(yīng)該讓每個(gè)人都能獲得醫(yī)療保健。
13．(2009年高考浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.
A．a(chǎn)ccess B．passage
C．way D．a(chǎn)pproach
解析：選A�？疾槊~辨析。句意：設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是為了讓學(xué)生能便捷、容易地使用圖書館的電子資源。這里give...access to...是固定詞組，表示“使……能得到，能進(jìn)入”，所以選A。
14．(2009年高考江西卷)Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be ________ to the kids.
A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．relative
C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．sensitive
解析：選A�？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：Frank把藥放在頂層抽屜中，以確保孩子們夠不到。accessible表示“可以得到的，可以接近的”，通常與to搭配。后三項(xiàng)分別表示“相關(guān)的”“可接受的”“敏感的”。
7. symbol n． 符號(hào)，象征
(回歸課本P38)The character ‘prisoner’was formed with the symbol for a man inside a square.
“囚”這個(gè)漢字就是將表達(dá)“人”的這個(gè)符號(hào)放在一個(gè)方格中所形成的。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2090)A hammer is often used in art as a symbol of authority.在藝術(shù)里，錘子經(jīng)常被用作權(quán)威的象征。
②(牛津P2048)What’s the chemical symbol for copper?
銅的化學(xué)符號(hào)是什么？
易混辨析
symbol，sign，mark，signal
(1)symbol“象征，符號(hào)”，指被人們選出的物體或圖案，用來代表另一事物，作為該事物的象征。
(2)sign“符號(hào)，標(biāo)記”，指具體的用于識(shí)別或指示的標(biāo)志，如指標(biāo)牌，卡片等。借喻時(shí)指“征兆，跡象”。
(3)mark“標(biāo)志，標(biāo)記”，指事物留下的深刻印跡或某物上用于辨別該物品的附屬物。
(4)signal“信號(hào)”，常指約定俗成，用于傳達(dá)某些信息的信號(hào)，也指燈光，聲音或信號(hào)標(biāo)志。
15．用symbol，sign，mark和signal填空：
(1)George was responsible for the accident because he didn’t give a ________ to other drivers.
答案：signal
(2)In the picture the tree is the ________ of life and the snake is the symbol of evil.
答案：symbol
(3)Sir，you are not to walk your pet on the lawn.Don’t you see the ________：“Keep off the grass”？
答案：sign
(4)One ________ of a writer’s greatness is that different minds can get a different inspiration from his works.
答案：mark
(5)A red light is a ________ of danger，which is even known to a five?year?old child.
答案：signal
8. spread vt. 傳播，散布，撒；鋪開，展開；涂，抹
n． 傳播，散布；涉及區(qū)域，活動(dòng)范圍
vi. (消息、謠言、知識(shí)等)傳播，傳開；(大火、沖突、疾病等)蔓延、傳染(開來)；伸展；延伸
(回歸課本P29)Today，the spread of borrowed words’ is due to easily accessed television and radio programmes from across the world，and the Internet.
今天，世界各地都可以方便地收看收聽電視、廣播節(jié)目，還有因特網(wǎng)的普及，使得外來詞廣為傳播。
歸納拓展
spread out 散開；伸展，延伸
spread over 遍布在
spread to 傳到，波及
spread oneself out 舒展四肢(躺下)
be spread for 擺好(桌子)準(zhǔn)備
spread A on/ over B 在B上涂抹A,＝spread B with A 用A涂抹B
例句探源
①(朗文P1989)She spread the pages of the letter on the table.
她把那幾頁信攤開放在桌子上。
②(牛津P1948)There’s more room to spread out in first class.
頭等艙寬敞些，伸得開腿。
③Small clever animals，now with hands and feet，appeared and spread all over the earth.
一些小巧聰明、長(zhǎng)著手腳的動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了，它們分布在地球的各個(gè)地方。
④The desert spreads for hundreds of miles.
沙漠綿延數(shù)百英里。
易混辨析
extend，spread，stretch，expand
(1)extend“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的朝外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。
(2)spread“伸開，傳播”，一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如傳播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。
(3)stretch“伸展，拉長(zhǎng)”，一般指由曲變直，由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)。
(4)expand“展開、擴(kuò)大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
①M(fèi)etals expand when they are heated and contract when cooled.
②The road extends to the port.
③Flies，mosquitoes and mice spread diseases.
④She stretched across the table for the butter.
16．英譯漢：
(1)Water began to spread across the floor.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：水開始漫過地板。
(2)A smile spread slowly across her face.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：微笑慢慢在她臉上綻開。
(3)We have 10,000 members spread all over the country.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：我們有一萬名成員分布在全國(guó)各地。
(4)The disease spreads easily.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：這種疾病容易傳播。
(5)She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：她張開雙臂，孩子向她跑來。
9. pick up 拾起，撿起；認(rèn)出，挑出
(回歸課本P22)This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English，for example，pick up and lift up.
這是因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z里許多對(duì)詞匯和短語有相似的意義，例如“pick up”和“l(fā)ift up”。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P1492)She went over to the crying child and picked her up.她走到啼哭的孩子身邊，把她抱了起來。
②(朗文P1535)Luckily，Maggie was able to pick up where she left off at work，even though she’d been in the hospital for two months.
幸運(yùn)的是盡管瑪吉住了兩個(gè)月院，她仍能拾起放下的工作。
③I’ll drive over and pick you up at the weekend.
我周末開車過去接你。
④You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside.
到了海濱，你就會(huì)很快地恢復(fù)健康。
⑤The train picked up speed.火車加快了速度。
⑥But her writing experience was something she picked up by herself.但她的寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是她無意間培養(yǎng)的。
⑦M(jìn)y radio can pick up BBC very clearly.
我的收音機(jī)能清楚地收聽到BBC。
★17.(2010年高考山東卷)Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A．brought up B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
解析：選C。由語意可知，Sam是在看別人用電腦的時(shí)候，無意間獲得了一些電腦知識(shí)。表示偶然學(xué)到的技能或知識(shí)，要用pick up。bring up提出，養(yǎng)育；look up查閱；set up樹立，建立。
★18.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.
A．turn out B．bring out
C．call out D．pick out
解析：選D�？疾槎陶Z辨析。turn out后來是，結(jié)果是；bring out使表現(xiàn)出，使顯出，闡明，生產(chǎn)，出版等；call out要求某人來，召喚出動(dòng)(尤指處理緊急情況)；pick out認(rèn)出(某人)，精心選擇(某物)。
19．(2010年安徽“江南十�！甭�(lián)考)While large numbers of residents in this area ________ the H1N1 flu，very few suffered death.
A．picked up B．took up
C．brought up D．caught up
解析：選A�？疾樵~組辨析。pick up表示“搭乘，接某人，感染”；take up表示“從事，占據(jù)”；bring up表示“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”；catch up則表示“趕上”。
20．You’d better fly somewhere in the west.Then you can ________ a rental car and travel around.
A．take up B．get up
C．pick up D．turn up
解析：選C。考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。take up“拿起，占據(jù)”；get up“起床”；pick up“撿起，學(xué)會(huì)，搭載”；turn up“出現(xiàn)，開大，扭亮(燈等)”。句意：你最好乘飛機(jī)去西部，然后，租一輛汽車四處觀光。只有pick up符合語境。
10. contribute to
(回歸課本P22)Many factors contributed to the development of this new type of English.
很多因素使得英語發(fā)展成這種新的類型。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P433)We contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.
我們向地震基金捐贈(zèng)了5000英磅。
②(朗文P437)Yellow fever contributed to Mudd’s early death at age 19.黃熱病導(dǎo)致馬德19歲便早早去世。
③He contributed an article to China Daily.
他為《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》撰寫了一篇文章。
★21.Some blood types are quite common，others are regionally ________，and still others are rare everywhere.
A．distributed B．contributed
C．obtained D．convinced
解析：選A。句意：一些血型很普遍，另外一些只分布在局部地區(qū)，另外還有一些哪兒都很罕見。distribute“分散，分布”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，投稿”；obtain“得到”；convince“使確信，使信服”。
★22.(2011年江蘇啟東中學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)題)Even some of the casual garments we wear have brand names ________them which turn us ________walking advertisements.
A．a(chǎn)ttached to；into
B．a(chǎn)ttaching to；to
C．a(chǎn)ppealed to；into
D．contributed to；to
解析：選A。attach to 貼在……上；appeal to 吸引；contribute to 捐贈(zèng)，是……的原因。根據(jù)題意可知，應(yīng)該用attach to，而attach to 和brand names 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用過去分詞(這里的過去分詞短語attached to them 作names 的定語)。因此答案是A。
23．完成句子
(1)良好的天氣促成了那次航行的成功。
The fair weather ________ ________the success of the voyage.
答案：contributed to
(2)他的懶惰是他失敗的原因之一。
His laziness ________ ________his failure.
答案：contributed to
(3)她捐助巨款給那家孤兒院。
She ________a large sum of money ________the orphanage.
答案：contributed；to
(4)移民在許多方面豐富了英國(guó)文化。
Immigrants have ________ ________British culture in many ways.
答案：contributed to
11. depend on 依靠；依賴；確信；相信；指望；受……的影響；取決于
(回歸課本P25)There are many different dialects of English depending on where people live.
根據(jù)人們居住地點(diǎn)的不同，英語有許多不同的方言。
歸納拓展
depend on sb.for sth.依賴、依靠某人獲得depend on sb.doing/to do sth.依靠/相信某人做某事
depend on it 常用于句首或句末，意為“請(qǐng)放心，沒問題”
It/That (all)depends.看情況而定
depend on it that...指望……，對(duì)……不疑,dependable adj.可靠的，可信賴的
dependence n.依靠，依賴，信賴
dependent adj.依靠的，依賴的；視……而定的be dependent on/upon 依靠；隨……而定
例句探源
①(朗文P541)Admission to the university depends only on a student’s performance.
這所大學(xué)的錄取只依據(jù)學(xué)生的成績(jī)。
②(牛津P535)Can we depend on you coming in on Sunday?
我們能指望你星期天來參加嗎？
③He is a man to be depended upon.他這人靠得住。
④He depends on you to help him.他要依靠你的幫助 。
⑤He depended up on a small incom for his livelihood.他依靠微薄的收入維持生活。
24．一句多譯
你不能指望他能按時(shí)來。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)You can’t depend on him to come on time.
(2)You can’t depend on his coming on time.
(3)You can’t depend on it that he can come on time.
★25.Asia is important to America because America’s prosperity ________trade with Asia’s growing economies.
A．depends on B．takes off
C．sets up D．breaks out
解析：選A。depend on 依靠，依賴；take off 脫下，取消，(飛機(jī))起飛，(事業(yè))騰飛；set up 建立，架起，創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)，提出；break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)/火災(zāi)等)突然爆發(fā)。
★26.(2011年安徽蚌埠高三模擬)?How long are you staying?
?I don’t know.________.
A．That’s OK B．Never mind
C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter
解析：選C。句意：“你要呆多久？”“我不知道，視情況而定吧！”It depends.視情況而定。
12. look up (在詞典或參考書中)查找
(回歸課本P28)Looking up every new word will certainly be a waste of time.每個(gè)新單詞都去查當(dāng)然會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
歸納拓展
(2)look after 照顧；照料；管理
look back on 回顧；回憶
look down on/upon 俯視；輕視某人
look forward to 盼望
look into 向里看；調(diào)查
look into one’s eyes 直視某人
look up to 向上看；尊敬
look through 瀏覽
look on as 把……看做；認(rèn)為
look out 當(dāng)心
例句探源
①(牛津P1195)She looked up from her book as I entered the room.我進(jìn)房間時(shí)，她從書本上抬起頭來看了看。
②(朗文P1219)If you don’t know the word，look it up in the dictionary.如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞，查一下詞典。
③Kids need role models to look up to.
孩子們需要有模范人物做榜樣。
★27.(2009年高考湖北卷)Would you please________the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A．look around B．look into
C．look up D．look through
解析：選D。句意：請(qǐng)你幫我瀏覽一下這篇論文，看是否有明顯的錯(cuò)誤好嗎？look around環(huán)顧四周；look into調(diào)查；look up查閱，抬頭看；look through查看，快速瀏覽。本題就是“快速查看”的意義表達(dá)。
28．(2010年高考安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself，there is always someone ________ you wishing they were that high.
A．getting rid of B．getting along with
C．looking up to D．looking down upon
解析：選C。句意：不管你多么看低自己，總有敬重你的人希望他們也(像你一樣)那么高尚。look up to“尊重，敬仰”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)“擺脫”；B項(xiàng)“與……和睦相處，進(jìn)展”；D項(xiàng)“輕視，瞧不起”。
★29.(2009年高考江西卷)It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
A．look upon B．look after
C．look into D．look out
解析：選C�？疾樵~組辨析。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，警方將很快調(diào)查那兩個(gè)孩子失蹤的案件。此處look into表示“調(diào)查”。
13. as a whole 總體上，作為一個(gè)整體
(回歸課本P38)However，as a whole，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.
然而，總體上講，漢字已經(jīng)從圖畫發(fā)展成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式。
歸納拓展
as a whole作為一個(gè)整體，總體上
on the whole總的來說，大體上，基本上
例句探源
①(牛津P2297)On the whole，I’m in favour of the idea.
大體上說，我贊成這個(gè)想法。
②(朗文P2342)The US population，as a whole，is very mobile compared to other countries.
與其他國(guó)家相比，美國(guó)的人口從總體上來說流動(dòng)性很大。
30．完成句子
(1)Their opinions are________ ________ ________(大體上)the same.
答案：on the whole
(2)You have made much progress ________ ________ ________(總體上看)．
答案：as a whole
句型解析
1【教材原句】 Despite this fact，F(xiàn)rench still had an impact on the English language.(P23)
然而，法語還是對(duì)英語產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。
【句法分析】 despite this fact作本句的讓步狀語，意為“盡管存在這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)”，despite是介詞，意為“盡管，雖然”＝in spite of；而though，although，while也有此意，但它們是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
①He is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money.
盡管他很有錢，但他并不幸福。
②Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.
盡管雨下得很大，他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)踢足球。
③Despite(＝In spite of)international pressure，progress has slowed in the peace talks.
盡管面對(duì)國(guó)際壓力，和談依然進(jìn)展緩慢。
④Lucy’s a good worker，despite(＝in spite of)her problems at home.
盡管露西在家有很多問題，但她是個(gè)好工人。
31．(2010年江西南昌模擬)________ the poor living conditions，new graduates continue to gather in the suburban villages in Beijing because of low rents and easy transport.
A．Except B．Despite
C．Instead of D．As well as
解析：選B。考查介詞。句意：盡管居住條件很差，剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生還是繼續(xù)聚居在北京郊區(qū)的村子里，因?yàn)榉孔獾停煌ū憷�。despite表示“盡管”，符合語意。
★32.(2011年浙江金華聯(lián)考)Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.
A．in spite of B．in charge of
C．in favor of D．in terms of
解析：選D。考查介詞短語。in spite of意思是“盡管”；in charge of意思是“負(fù)責(zé)，管理”；in favor of意思是“支持，贊同”；in terms of意思是“根據(jù)，就……而言”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)符合語境，即依據(jù)他們所取得的成就來評(píng)定。
2【教材原句】 After the Norman Conquest，upperclass people spoke French while common people spoke English.(P23)
諾曼征服后，上層階級(jí)說法語，而普通百姓則說英語。
【句法分析】 (1)本句中while是并列連詞，意為“……而；……然而……”，用于兩件事物的對(duì)比。
①Some are rich while others are poor.
有的人很有錢而有的人卻很窮。
(2)while還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”。
②While I have some sympathy，I don’t think they are right.
雖然我對(duì)他們有些同情，我卻覺得他們是不對(duì)的。
(3)while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；在……期間，與……同時(shí)”。
③While I was waiting at the bus stop，three buses went by in the opposite direction.
我在公共汽車站等車時(shí)，對(duì)面駛過了三輛公共汽車。
④You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.
我吃午飯時(shí)你可以去游泳。
★33.(2010年高考北京卷)________ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.
A．As B．While
C．Until D．Once
解析：選D。once在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“一旦”。句意：一旦學(xué)生決定上哪個(gè)大學(xué)，他們就應(yīng)該了解一下入學(xué)手續(xù)。
34．(2009年高考安徽卷)?I wonder how much you charge for your services.
?The first two are free ________ the third costs $30.
A．while B．until
C．when D．before
解析：選A�？疾檫B詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，這里表示前后句之間的對(duì)比，所以用while，表示“而”。第二句意為“前面兩項(xiàng)是免費(fèi)的，而第三項(xiàng)收費(fèi)30美元”。
35．________ the Internet is of great help，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A．If B．While
C．Because D．As
解析：選B�？疾檫B接詞的用法。if意為“如果”，表示條件；while意為“盡管，雖然”，表示讓步；because和as意為“因?yàn)�，由于”，表示原因。根�?jù)語境，因特網(wǎng)雖然很有用處，但“我”認(rèn)為不能在它上面花費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間，前后為讓步關(guān)系，于是選B。
3【教材原句】 I understand now，but the question is what if I still cannot understand the meanings.(P28)
我現(xiàn)在明白了，但問題是要是我依然不理解將會(huì)怎樣。
【句法分析】 what if“如果……將會(huì)怎樣；即使……又有什么關(guān)系”，為省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
What if中what可看作是what should sb.do(某人該怎么辦)或what does it matter(有什么要緊)或what would happen(將會(huì)如何)的省略。
①What if he gets angry？倘若他生氣該怎么辦？
②What if they do not come?
即使他們不來又有什么關(guān)系呢？
歸納拓展
What about/How about...？“……怎么樣？”表示詢問情況或提出建議。
What for？為什么目的/為何理由？
So what？那又怎么樣？(用于承認(rèn)某一事實(shí)，進(jìn)而對(duì)其重要性提出質(zhì)疑或某人是否有必要行動(dòng))
How come...？……怎么發(fā)生的？/……又怎么解釋？
What’s up？＝What’s the matter？
什么事？怎么了？
36．完成句子
(1)如果天下雨而我們又找不到避雨的地方怎么辦呢？
________ it rains when we can’t find shelter?
答案：What if
(2)去上網(wǎng)怎么樣？
________ going online?
答案：What about
(3)你究竟為什么總不來看我？
________ you never visit me any more?
答案：How come
★37.(2010年高考山東卷)?Her father is very rich.
?________ She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
A．What for？ B．So what?
C．No doubt. D．No wonder.
解析：選B。句意：??她的父親很有錢。??________即使他給她提供幫助，她也不會(huì)接受。由上下文語境可知So what？“那又怎樣？”是正確答案。
4【教材原句】 The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in_that it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words.(P38)
漢語與很多西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于漢語使用的基本單位漢字本身就具有意義，可以獨(dú)立成詞。
【句法分析】 in that在于，因?yàn)�。連接狀語從句，表原因。
①The situation is rather complicated in that we have two managing directors.
由于我們有兩位總經(jīng)理，所以情況很復(fù)雜。
②She was fortunate in that she had some friends to help her.
她很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)橛幸恍┡笥褞椭?br />38．完成句子
(1)吸煙是有害的，因?yàn)樗鼡p害我們的健康。
Smoking is harmful ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：in that it damages our health
(2)因?yàn)槟銢]有時(shí)間吃晚飯，讓我現(xiàn)在給你一點(diǎn)東西吃吧。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，let me give you something now.
答案：In that you don’t have time for lunch
5【教材原句】 However，not all characters are used to describe objects.(P38)
然而，并非所有的漢字都用來描述物體。
【句法分析】 not all為部分否定。
部分否定的常見構(gòu)成有：
(1)not與
all/both/everything/everybody/everywhere等表示完全意義的詞連用，表示部分否定。
Not all of them have read this story.
＝All of them haven’t read this story.
并非他們都看過這個(gè)故事。
(2)not與always/often/quite等詞連用也表示部分否定。
部分否定全部否定
兩者both...not/not...both并非兩者都neither/not...either兩者都不
兩者以上all...not/not...all＝some 并非所有……都
every...not/not...every
＝some/few
并非每一個(gè)……都
the whole...not/not...the
whole 并非全部 not...any/none 沒有一個(gè)no one/nobody 沒有人
nothing 沒有任何事物
歸納拓展
39．完成句子
(1)并非所有的學(xué)生都去看電影了。
________ ________ ________ ________went to the movie.
＝________ ________ ________ ________go to the movie.
答案：Not all the students；All the students didn’t
(2)沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生去看電影。
________ ________ ________ ________went to the movie.
答案：None of the students
(3)并非兩姐妹都在這兒。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________are here.
＝________ ________ ________ ________are ________here.
答案：Not both of the sisters；Both of the sisters；not
(4)兩姐妹都不在這兒。
________ ________ ________ ________ is here.
答案：Neither of the sisters
(5)我不全認(rèn)識(shí)他們。
I ________know ________of them.
答案：don’t；all
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