【導(dǎo)語】高二時孤身奮斗的階段，是一個與寂寞為伍的階段，是一個耐力、意志、自控力比拚的階段。但它同時是一個厚實莊重的階段。由此可見，高二是高中三年的關(guān)鍵，也是最難把握的一年。為了幫你把握這個重要階段，逍遙右腦整理了《高二英語上冊期中試卷及答案》希望對你有幫助��！
必考Ⅰ部分
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30 marks)
Section A (22.5 marks)
Directions： In this section， you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation， there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A， B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.
You will hear each conversation TWICE.
Conversation 1
1. How long does the man watch TV during the holiday?
A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours.
2. What is the man’s favorite kind of TV program?
A. History. B. News. C. Sports.
Conversation 2
3. Why are they decorating the room?
A. For a birthday party.
B. For a Christmas party.
C. For a house-warming party.
4. What will they use for decoration?
A. Ribbons and lights. B. Balloons and ribbons. C. Lights and balloons.
Conversation 3
5. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. See a doctor. B. Take some medicine. C. Change her lifestyle.
6. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife. C. Doctor and patient.
Conversation 4
7. Which product is the man interested in?
A. Silk blouses. B. Woolen knitwear. C. Cotton goods.
8. What does the man think of the exhibits?
A. They are in great demand.
B. They are too brightly colored.
C. They are fine in quality and beautiful in design.
9. What is the relationship between the speakers most probably?
A. Friends. B. Boss and employee. C. Business partners.
Conversation 5
10. How long can the man keep the books he borrows?
A. A month. B. Twenty days. C. Two months.
11. How does the man know when his books will be due?
A. The woman will inform him.
B. He can check it on the library website.
C. The library will send him a notice letter.
12. What can we learn about the man?
A. He is applying for a library card.
B. He is a freshman.
C. He lost a book he borrowed from the library.
Conversation 6
13. Where does the man come from?
A. San Francisco. B. Ohio. C. Seoul.
14. How long will the woman stay there?
A. For one day. B. For three days. C. For two weeks.
15. What is TRUE about the man?
A. Before he leaves， his family will go to Disneyland.
B. This is his first time in America.
C. His children want to go to Houston on Monday.
Section B (7.5 marks)
Directions： In this section， you’ll hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.
You will hear the short passage TWICE.
Introduction Foundation： in 16
17 Education：
* Free education for all children
* 18 access for girls
Culture： World Heritage
Environment：
* A 10-year programme： 19
Conclusion Building better networks and 20
Part Ⅱ Language Knowledge(40 marks)
Section A(10 marks)
Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. If there be a global nuclear war， life on the earth as we know it end forever.
A . will; will B. should; would
C. were to; will D. is to; would
22. It was silly of him to his notes during that important test， and as a result， he got punished.
A. stick to B. keep to C. refer to D. point to
23. ? Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
? Oh! I thought they without me.
A. had gone B. are going C. have gone D. went
24. The manager， it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
25. Thanks to the work of UNICEF. Otherwise many children the chance of living a good life.
A. will not have B. have not had C. do not have D. would not have
26. The breaking of a taboo is usually upsetting or embarrassing for the person and the people around him or her.
A. to concern B. concerning C. concerned D. concern
27. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts， the UN helps countries with other problems such as education， starvation， disasters， AIDs and other diseases.
A. lack for B. lack in C. lack D. lack of
28. “You are too selfish. It’s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world.” Peter said to his boss angrily.
A. realized B. realize C. will realize D. have realized
29.?Did you enjoy your tour around Beijing， Mr Singh?
?Yes. But I hate when the tour guide held out his left hand to shake hands with me.
A one B. that C. it D. this
30. Happiness often comes to those try to help others and do something worthwhile.
A whom B. who C. what D. which
Section B(18 marks)
Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are 4 words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.
20 June 2018
Ankara， Turkey： I come from Moldova and I am now working as a UN Volunteer with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Turkey. I have been living in Turkey for a few years and have had the 31 to observe the approach of the Turkish people towards 32 . In Turkey people help each other with their hearts and from their hearts on a continuous basis.
Young people are the main driving engine behind the ever-growing volunteer force in Turkey. For Turkish 33 people it is common to be part of some kind of organization or student club on a volunteer basis， doing various activities such as exchanges， environmental action， charity work and peer education.
This trend(傾向) grew 34 in the late 1990s， despite the fact that civil society organizations have sometimes been viewed with disbelief by some state authorities.
This has 35 in the last decade， and many young people now choose to get involved and use their spare time to develop their skills， while also showing their civic participation by 36 to a cause.
Perhaps this is the reason why the core of the UNV community at UNHCR Turkey is 37 young people. Being a UN Volunteer with UNCHR allows us to gain the skills needed to realize our social and human development potential， but also to dedicate our time， energy and ideas to contribute to the 38 of UNHCR’s global strategic aims.
Being a UN Volunteer with UNHCR is an opportunity to make other people’s lives better. Working on refugee status determination has been an interesting and 39 learning experience. Part of the task involves carrying out extensive research on the situation and the condition of the countries the refugees(難民) come from.
Especially according to recent events in neighboring countries， and given the arrival of refugees and the increased time necessary to process the 40 number of applications for shelter， the contribution of UN Volunteers to UNHCR seems necessary and the impact invaluable.
I also believe that I have brought cultural diversity(多元性) to an already diverse 41 ， where true professionals and young graduates from different nations work hard side by side to 42 refugees and find durable solutions for them.
31. A. ability B. opportunity C. description D. permission
32. A. volunteerism B. charity C. poverty D. colleague
33. A. starving B. primitive C. young D. crowded
34. A. particularly B. remotely C. politically D. mysteriously
35. A. expanded B. added C. prohibited D. changed
36. A. congratulating B. contributing C. retelling D. accustoming
37. A. reminded of B. thought back to C. heading for D. made up of
38. A. permission B. achievement C. celebration D. reception
39. A. worthwhile B. additional C. alternative D. vacant
40. A. falling B. decreasing C. heating D. rising
41. A. tribe B. office C. staff D. government
42. A. protect B. drive C. obtain D. contain
Section C (12 marks)
Directions： Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
My grandfather is a seventy-year-old man， and he has always been happy. Several years ago he came to live with us and 43. now he has got accustomed to the life in the city. 44.他喜歡旅行并且去過中國很多地方。 Last month， he went to Beijing and visited the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. 45. 他甚至夢想某一天到國外去旅游。 He says it is important to try to understand as much as possible and travel helps you do that. 46. In his youth， however， he never left his home town， let alone travelled to another country 47. 因為他得工作養(yǎng)活家人. He often says he would have travelled a lot if he had been rich. He wanted to study medicine， but he never got into a university. 48. He hopes I can go to a good university and get a good job in the future.
Do you think my grandpa would have been as happy as he is now if he had had more education when he was growing up?
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (30 marks)
Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passages is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
A
As we all know， the Dragon Boat Festival is our country’s traditional festival， but do you know there is also a Dragon Boat Festival in South Korea， which also falls on May 5 of the lunar calendar(陰歷)? It has been reported that South Korea will apply to United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO 聯(lián)合國教科文組織) to make the celebration of the Dragon Boat Festival its own intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)的文化遺產(chǎn)). If successful， people from other countries may see the Dragon Festival as a Korean creation.
As the birthplace of the yearly event more than 2,000 years ago， China is not happy with the situation. “It would be a shame if another country successfully made a traditional Chinese festival part of its own cultural heritage ahead of China，” said Zhou Heping， deputy(副) culture minister. The Chinese Ministry of Culture is even thinking of making its own application(申請) to UNESCO， covering all traditional Chinese festivals， including the Dragon Boat event. It is thought that the festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan (340-278 BC)， who lived in the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. Qu was known to be a patriot (愛國者) and admired by ordinary people.
He is said to have jumped into Miluo River， because he had lost hope in his country’s future. When people heard about Qu’s death， they sailed up and down the river searching for his body. They also beat the drums to frighten away the fish and threw Zongzi into the water to stop the fish touching Qu. Dragon boat racing is said to come from this search for the poet’s body.
Over the years， the Dragon Boat Festival has spread throughout the world. In Japan and Vietnam， as well as South Korea， the festival has mixed with and become part of the local culture.
49. The Dragon Boat Festival .
A. is also kept by South Korea B. comes from South Korea
C. was created by South Korea D. is South Korea’s cultural heritage
50. What is the reaction(反應(yīng)) of the Chinese Ministry of Culture to South Korea’s planning to make the Dragon Boat Festival its own cultural heritage?
A. Fighting against South Korea.
B. Telling South Korea it’s not right to do so.
C. Considering to do the similar thing.
D. Asking South Korea not to do so.
51. What is the purpose of holding the Dragon Boat Festival?
A. In memory of Qu Yuan.
B. In memory of all the patriots of China.
C. To frighten away the fish.
D. In honor of QuYuan’s birthday.
52. After Qu Yuan’s death， Zongzi was thrown into the water to .
A. feed him B. protect his body from going bad
C. prevent the fish biting his body D. attract his soul
53. Now， the Dragon Boat Festival has become activity.
A. a nationwide B. a worldwide C. an Asian D. a foreign
B
Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial (商業(yè)的) computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s， scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland， Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program， which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea： write a program that will let academics(學(xué)術(shù)界人士) from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web.
The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes(密碼) to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers(瀏覽器) and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.
In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium(協(xié)會)， or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people.” he says.
54. From the passage， we can infer that Tim Berners-Lee is .
A. British B. American C. Swiss D. French
55. Scientists began to communicate using e-mail .
A. in 1980 B. after the 1980s
C. before 1990 D. in the 1960s
56. Tim Berners-Lee decided to write a program that would let academics from across the world share information on a single place when .
A. he was a child B. he studied in Oxford University
C. he formed W3C D. he worked at a lab in Switzerland
57. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The number of web pages rose rapidly in the 1990s.
B. Tim’s programs were placed on to the Internet in 1990.
C. The World Wide Web will have an effect on the social development.5ykj.com
D. Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to the computer science.
58. The passage is mainly about .
A. when the Internet came into being B. who Tim Berners-Lee is
C. why computers develop so rapidly D. how the World Wide Web started
C
You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs， then it’s likely you will burn out， or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back， you never feel a sense of achievement， so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving so as to achieve real happiness is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call “being” and “having” values. Your “being” values are the character traits(特征)of the ideal person you would like to be. An example of some “being” values are： kind， loving， generous， inspirational， peaceful， wise and even powerful. By acting on these values， you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by “being” a positive role model. Mastering “being” these character traits becomes your life purpose.
Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship， achievement， support， “being” valued or financial security. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a commitment to live by your “being” values， it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary(保守的) ones. If your usual habit is to complain about your problems， you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk， meditate(沉思)， or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry， you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words， you would act like the person you choose to be?this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values， you not only feel good about yourself， but you reinforce(增強)your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world， and in turn the way other people think of you.
59. The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A. a feeling of emptiness B. a loss of power
C. a lack of energy D. a state of being confused
60. According to the text， by acting on your own “being” values， you will .
A. gain a lot of power B. fill your own needs
C. seek all human virtues D. form positive personality
61. Which of the following does NOT belong to your “having” values?
A. Your success in the competition.
B. The support from your friends.
C. Your own peaceful mind.
D. The friendship with others.
62. What can be inferred from the text?
A. “Having” values are better than “being” values.
B. The way other people think of you decides who you are.
C. A calm person does not choose to complain easily.
D. A responsible person does not care about financial security.
63. The main purpose of this passage is to .
A. persuade the readers to make a commitment
B. inform the readers how to be truly happy
C. explain to the readers what personal values are
D. instruct the readers how to make wise choices
必考Ⅱ部分
Part Ⅳ Writing (50 marks)
Section A (12 marks)
Directions： Complete the following passage by filling in each black with one word that best fits the context.
Thanksgiving is celebrated every year on the fourth Thursday of November. Some Americans attend religious services on the day before Thanksgiving， 64 on Thanksgiving morning. Others travel great distances to be with their families. They have a large dinner， 65 is the main part of the celebration.
More than any 66 American holiday， Thanksgiving celebrates family and home. For many Americans， Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather together. The holiday is a time of family reunion.
Thanksgiving is also a time 67 Americans share what they have with people who do 68 have as much. All across the country， thousands of groups provide Thanksgiving meals 69 older adults， poor people and the homeless. Some people spend part of the holiday helping to prepare and serve meals. 70 becoming president， Barack Obama and his family have volunteered one day before each Thanksgiving at 71 organization that helps the needy.
Section B (10 marks)
Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony?while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture?apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.
—→?Public apology is much more than a(an) 72 act.
?It’s no 73 job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.
?Apologies not 74 offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
—→ ?In an 76 ， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
?The 77 of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
—→ ?Being public figures， leaders are supposed to appear 78 .
?There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to 79 in public.—→ ?Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and 80 .
?Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do 81 to their organization.
Section C (8 marks)
Directions： Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
If there were a literary award bigger than the Nobel Prize， Alice Munro would probably win that， too. Munro,82， was awarded literature’s highest honor， respected by the Nobel committee as a thorough but forgiving chronicler(事件的記錄者) of the human spirit.
Among her best-known is The Bear Came Over the Mountain， about a woman who agrees with her husband that she should be put in a nursing home. The narrative begins in a relatively tender， traditional mood. But we soon learn that the husband has been unfaithful and doesn’t always regret it. The wife， meanwhile， has fallen for a man at the nursing home. Munro won a National Book Critics Circle prize in 1998 for The Love of a Good Woman and she is also a three-time winner of the Governor General’s prize， Canada’s highest literary honor.
She received a scholarship to study at the University of Western Ontario， majoring in journalism， and was still an undergraduate when she sold a story to CBC radio in Canada. She dropped out to marry a fellow student， James Munro， had three children and became a full-time housewife. By her early 30s， she was so frightened and depressed that she could barely write a full sentence.
Her good fortune was to open a bookstore， in 1963. Inspired by everything from the conversation of adults to simply filling out invoices(發(fā)票)， she saw her narrative talents resurface. Her first collection， Dance of the Happy Shades， came out in 1968 and won the Governor General’s prize.
Her books having been sold more than 1 million copies in the U.S. alone， she has long been an international ambassador for the short story. Critics and peers have praised her in every way a writer can be praised： the precision of her language; the perfection of detail; the surprise and logic of her storytelling; the graceful shifts of moods. So， she is the kind of writer about whom it is often said-no matter how well known she becomes?that she ought to be better known.
82. What do we know about the woman’s husband in The Bear Came Over the Mountain? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
83. Why did Munro stop her study at the University of Western Ontario? (No more than 4 words) (2 marks)
84. What happened to Munro in 1963? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
85. What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
Section D (20 marks)
Directions： Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假設(shè)你是李華，前天是你的外國朋友Anne的生日。你本答應(yīng)要參加她的生日聚會，但你當(dāng)時正忙著準(zhǔn)備期末考試，不小心忘了赴約。請寫封信向Anne表達你的歉意，說明原因，并提出補救的方法。
注意：1.詞數(shù)120詞左右;
2.文章中不得出現(xiàn)真實班級和姓名;
3.可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容。
湖南師大附中2018屆高二第一學(xué)期期末考試試題
英語參考答案
47. because he had to support his family
48. 他希望我能考上一所好大學(xué)， 將找到一份理想的工作。
49-53 ACACB 54-58 ACDBB 59-63 ADCCB
64. or 65. which 66. other 67. when 68. not 69. for
70. Since / After 71. an
72.personal/individual 73.easy 74.properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly 75.urgent 76.apology culture 77.growing importance 78.strong and capable 79. express apology/apologize 80. (even) professionally risky 81. damage/ harm
82. He has been unfaithful and doesn’t always regret it.
83. To marry James Munro.
84. She opened a bookstore and saw her narrative talents resurface.
85. Alice Munro： The Nobel Literature Prize Winner./ Alice Munro has received the Nobel Literature Prize./ Alice Munro， a Canadian famous writer， has received many prizes./ Alice Munro should be better known.
【參考范文】
聽力材料
Conversation 1
W： Jack， how long do you watch TV every day?
M： Mostly one hour. On holidays， I may watch for two hours.
W： What kind of TV programs do you often watch?
M： I often watch programs on new discoveries， history， sports and news. But I like the Sports Channel best.
Conversation 2
M： What should we use to decorate this room?
W： I think balloons and colorful lights would be good.
M： Why not use ribbons and balloons?
W： I always decorate birthday parties and house-warming parties with ribbons and balloons. But at Christmas， I think colorful lights can make the room nicer and brighter.
M： OK. Let’s start working now.
Conversation 3
M： You’ve been coughing since this morning. I can’t concentrate on my work.
W： I’m sorry to trouble everybody in this office， but I can’t help it. I’ve seen a doctor and also taken medicine. I’m so annoyed that I get the flu every time it comes.
M： Taking medicine will never cure it.
W： I know， but how can I solve this problem?
M： My father had this problem for years and finally he cured it by changing his lifestyle. Maybe you should have a try. Make sure you have a balanced diet and do more exercise.
Conversation 4
M： I travel a lot every year on business， but this is my first visit to your country. I must say I have been impressed by your friendly people.
W： Thank you for saying so. Have you seen the exhibition halls? Most of our products are on display， such as silk， woolen knitwear， cotton goods， and so on.
M： Oh， yes. I had a look yesterday. I found some of the exhibits fine in quality and beautiful in design. I’m especially interested in your silk blouses.
W： Our silk is known for its good quality. It is one of our traditional exports. Our silk blouses are brightly colored and beautifully designed. They are always in great demand.
Conversation 5
M： Excuse me， I am a freshman and this is my first visit to the library. Could you tell me how many books I can borrow at a time， and how long I can keep them?
W： Sure， 20 is the maximum， and you can actually keep the books for a month.
M： How can I check them out?
W： It’s simple. Just give me your library card and I will help you.
M： Will you inform me of the due date?
W： Not exactly. But we offer an online service where you can find all related information. Just log into your library account on our website. We don’t send out notice letters to readers.
M： Thank you. That’s very helpful.
W： Not at all.
Conversation 6
M： Are there so many people here all the time?
W： I’m not sure. This is my first time here.
M： Me， too. I think this is a great place for a holiday. Where are you from?
W： Ohio. How about you?
M： I’m from Seoul， Korea.
W： How long will you stay here?
M： For about two weeks. I have been to San Francisco and Los Angeles. I want to visit Houston， too. I’ll probably visit that city on Monday.
W： Ah， it looks like you are having a great time.
M： Yes， I am. How long will you stay here?
W： I will only stay here for three days. My kids have wanted to come to Disneyland for a long time.
M： That’s great.
W： Oh， my friend is waiting for me. I hope you enjoy your stay in America.
over the world. It started a programme called GET EQUAL to ensure girls equal access to education. Besides， it also helps adults learn how to read and write.
UNESCO’s most important cultural programme is World Heritage. It has chosen important natural and historic places that are of outstanding value and should form part of the common heritage of humankind. In fact， China has 30 World Heritage sites， including Mount Tai， the Summer Palace and the tomb of Qin Shihuang.
UNESCO is also concerned about the environment. In 2005， it started a 10-year programme called Water for Life， hoping that people everywhere have enough clean water， because many children around the world die due to lack of clean water.
Today， UNESCO has never been more important， striving to build better networks among nations in this globalized but uncertain world， and to build a better world.
【導(dǎo)語】逍遙右腦整理《高二地理知識點：物質(zhì)運動和能量交換2》，以及最全的高考備考資料，有語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語、物理、化學(xué)、生物、政治、歷史、地理、文綜、理綜復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)資料，復(fù)習(xí)講義、聽力材料、作文素材，歷年真題試題下載及答案解析，完備的資料庫為廣大考生提供全面的備考參考。
�。�1）大氣對太陽輻射的削弱作用：①吸收作用：具有選擇性，臭氧吸收紫外線，水汽和二氧化碳吸收紅外線。對可見光吸收的很少。②反射作用：云層和顆粒較大的塵埃。云層的反射作用最顯著。③散射作用：空氣分子或微小塵埃，使一部分太陽輻射不能到達地面。
（2）大氣對地面的保溫作用：大氣吸收地面輻射并產(chǎn)生大氣逆輻射（射向地面的大氣輻射），把部分熱量歸還給地面，云層越厚大氣逆輻射越強。
5、全球近地面有7個氣壓帶（高低壓相間分布），6個風(fēng)帶。
（1）低緯度環(huán)流：
�、俪嗟赖蛪簬В阂驗闊崃ψ饔眯纬桑瑲饬鬏椇仙仙�，易成云致雨，形成多雨帶。常年受其控制形成熱帶雨林氣候（亞馬孫平原、剛果盆地、東南亞的馬來群島）
�、诟睙釒Ц邏簬В阂驗閯恿ψ饔枚纬�，氣流在30度緯度上空聚積而下沉，形成少雨帶（東亞季風(fēng)區(qū)除外），常年受其控制的地區(qū)形成熱帶沙漠氣候（北非的撒哈拉水沙漠、西亞的沙漠、北美美國西部的沙漠、南美智利、秘魯西部的沙漠、澳大利亞大沙漠）
③信風(fēng)帶：由副高吹向赤道低壓的氣流，在北半球右偏成東北信風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成東南信風(fēng)。
�。�2）中緯度環(huán)流：
�、芨睒O地低壓帶：由來自低緯的暖氣流與來自高緯的冷氣流相遇運動上升而形成。形成溫帶多雨帶。
�、葜芯曃黠L(fēng)帶：由副高吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在北半球右偏成西南風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成西北風(fēng)，習(xí)慣上叫西風(fēng)，受其常年控制的地區(qū)，在大陸西岸形成溫帶海洋性氣候。（歐洲西部、北美西部如加拿大的溫哥華附近、南美南端的安第斯山西側(cè)、澳大利亞南端及塔斯馬尼亞島、新西蘭等）
（3）高緯環(huán)流：
�、迾O地高壓帶：因為熱力作用而形成，冷空氣下沉，形成少雨帶。不過極地因為氣溫低，蒸發(fā)更少，所以極地屬于降水量大于蒸發(fā)量的地區(qū)，為濕潤地區(qū)。
�、邩O地東風(fēng)帶：由極地高壓帶吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力作用下，北半球右偏成東北風(fēng)，南半球左偏成東南風(fēng)。
�。�4）氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的移動：△移動的原因：隨太陽直射點的移動而動�！饕苿臃较颍壕捅卑肭蚨�，大致是夏季北移，冬季南移。
�。�5）單一氣壓帶或風(fēng)帶作用形成的氣候類型：熱帶雨林氣候（赤道低氣壓帶）、熱帶沙漠氣候（副熱帶高氣壓帶）、溫帶海洋性氣候（中緯西風(fēng)帶）。
（6）氣壓帶、風(fēng)帶移動形成的氣候類型：熱帶草原氣候（夏季受赤道低氣壓帶控制，冬季受低緯信風(fēng)帶控制）、地中海氣候（夏季受副熱帶高氣壓帶控制，冬季受中緯西風(fēng)帶控制）。
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