八年級(jí)（下）英語(yǔ)學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
(Section B)
教師寄語(yǔ)：Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣，事事皆不難。
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1) 單詞與短語(yǔ)exchange student, attendant, flight attendant, discover, requirement, guide, tour guide
2)目標(biāo)句型：
1. Where do you want to go?
2. How long have you been doing…?
3. What do you like best about doing sth.?
4. What kind of job do you want?
5. How do/did you do sth.?
3) 語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
2．教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
三、知識(shí)鏈接
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
四、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：
通過(guò)小組合作學(xué)習(xí)，探究討論，結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案及相關(guān)資料理解各知識(shí)點(diǎn)，掌握本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。
五、導(dǎo)學(xué)過(guò)程：
1. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員通讀本from page 71 to 72,理解其含義并完成表格。
3. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員熟讀3a，并指定堂朗讀人選。
4. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員找出本(from page 71 to 72)的重要短語(yǔ)、句子。 并指定堂展示人選。
5. Language points：
(一)have been to / have gone to區(qū)別
1)have been to表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那了�？梢院痛螖�(shù)連用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
I have been to Shanghai twice.
如遇到adv.(where, here, there, home, abroad)省略to.
Have you ever been abroad?
Where have you been?
2)have gone to 已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或返回途中，或已在那了。著重指現(xiàn)在人不在這兒，常用于第三人稱(chēng)。
Where has he gone? He has gong to Shanghai.
Practice: Beijing
Sanhe
Shanghai
(二)have been in/at + 地點(diǎn) + 一段時(shí)間
已在某地呆了一段時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)為adv.時(shí)，省略介詞。
He has been in America for 5 years. / a long time.
How long have you been in Sydney?
How long have you been here/there/abroad?
翻譯下列句子，其含義：
a)I have been in the hospital for 2 years? ___________________________________
b)I have been to the hospital twice. ___________________________________
c)She has already gone to the hospital. ___________________________________
(三)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況。不和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如，last year, in 1980等。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài): 單純強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
He has lived here since 1980.
He lived here in 1980.
(四)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：
have/has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
1)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)不同 have/has + 過(guò)去分詞
2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，它是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)第二種用法的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。
I have been doing my homework for two hours.
過(guò)去開(kāi)始做，現(xiàn)在尚未完成，還在做，將繼續(xù)做下去。
I have done my homework for two hours.
過(guò)去開(kāi)始做，現(xiàn)在可能已完成，也可能未完成。
（五）用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型
1)It is the first / second time…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2) It/this/that is the+最高級(jí)+名詞+that...結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。
*(1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
*(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
(六) e，neither./ neither + 助/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)
e，neither.是口語(yǔ)化的簡(jiǎn)略回答。一般情況下用Neither have I，為“neither + 助/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，neither在此意為“也不……”，同nor;表示主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作與前面提到過(guò)的人或事相同，是為了避免語(yǔ)言重復(fù)，其中的助/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上與前一句保持一致，而在數(shù)上要與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：
— I can’t swim. 我不會(huì)游泳�！ � — Neither can I. 我也不會(huì)。
I don’t want to go, neither will I. 我不想去，也不會(huì)去。
He didn’t go to school. Neither did she. 他沒(méi)去上學(xué)，她也沒(méi)去。
若在肯定句中表示“也……”，則要用“so +助/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”。
I am a student，so is my sister. 我是學(xué)生，我妹妹也是學(xué)生。
He can swim，so can I. 他會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)。
I feel happy，so does he. 我高興，他也高興。
(七) hear，hear of與hear from
(1)hear為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，聽(tīng)到”，后可跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，hear sb do sth表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正做某事”。
We listened but could hear nothing. 我們留心聽(tīng)，卻什么也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
I heard her singing in her room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在房間里唱歌。
(2)hear還可作“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”講，后常跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
I heard that he was ill. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他病了。
I heard that it’s a good film. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)那是部好影片。
(3)hear of意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”，介詞短語(yǔ)，后跟人或物作賓語(yǔ)。
I’ve never heard of that place. 我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)地方。
Have you ever heard of that story? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？
(4)hear from意為“收到某人的信”，后跟人作賓語(yǔ)。
How often do you hear from your sister? 你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收到你姐姐的一次信？
I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。
(八)discover, invent, find, find out, look for用法辨析
(1) discover動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在但不為人所知道的事物,有時(shí)也指認(rèn)識(shí)到某種情況.
Columbus discovered America in1492. 哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。
I soon discovered the truth. 不久我便知道了真相。
(2)invent動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)明”,表示發(fā)明了以前沒(méi)有或不存在的事物。
Edison invented the light bulb. 愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。
(3)find動(dòng)詞,“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指通過(guò)尋找發(fā)現(xiàn)某人、某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果
They found the lost boy in the cave。他們?cè)诙蠢锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了那個(gè)走丟的男孩。
He didn’t find his bike. 他沒(méi)找到他的自行車(chē)。
(4)find out意為“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”，多指通過(guò)調(diào)查、詢(xún)問(wèn)、打聽(tīng)、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“經(jīng)過(guò)困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無(wú)形的、抽象的東西。
Please find out when the train leaves. 請(qǐng)查一下火車(chē)什么時(shí)候離站。
Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.
(5)look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作。
I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere.
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
(九)It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
正是因?yàn)槲視?huì)講英語(yǔ)我才得到了這份工作。
這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的句式是“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who/whom+原句其他部分”。
被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom，其余一律用that。
Jim shot a bear yesterday.改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It was Jim that / who shot a bear yesterday.
It was a bear that Jim shot yesterday.
It was yesterday that Jim shot a bear.
It was at the gate of the school that I met Tom. 正是在校門(mén)口我見(jiàn)到湯姆。
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.
正是因?yàn)樗×俗蛱觳艣](méi)上學(xué)。
六、學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)
我的收獲:_________________________________________________
七、達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)：
A）用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空
1. I __________(finish)today’s homework already. What about you?
2. He ____________ just ____________(decide) to join the swimming club.
3. _______you ____________(see) Jack recently? ——No , I haven’ t.
4. How long ____________ you ____________(be) in class today?
5. How many English words ____________ they ____________(learn)?
6. He ___________ ever ___________ (be) to the History useum several times.
7. — _____________ you ever ___________ (be) to the zoo?
—Yes. I ____ (go) there last summer. I __ (see) many kinds of animals there.
8. —Where is r. Wang?
—He _________ (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.
B)1.How long has his brother_____the book? A.kept B.bought C.lent D.borrowed
2. I’ve never seen such a fine picture _____.A.ago B.before C.yet D.later
3 .—Has the foreigner been to many interesting places in Beijing?
—Yes,but he has not _____ been to many other parts of China.
A.already B.still C.yet D.never
4.You don't need to describe her. I _her several times. A had met B.have met C.met D. meet
八、布置作業(yè): 《同步練習(xí)冊(cè)》SectionB
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