The demands of private school classes, particularly in middle and high school, can require students to learn and remember huge amounts of material, particularly for final exams. Some students, while bright, struggle to retain information in their short-term and long-term memory, making it difficult to use this information and produce it on assessments and in class. Problems with memory consolidation can be frustrating, as students who do the work often find themselves unable to prove that they know the material. 私立院校的班級，特別是在初高中，會要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和記憶大量的材料，尤其是期末備考時(shí)。一些學(xué)生雖然很聰明，卻還是不得不短時(shí)或長時(shí)地記憶信息，因此在評估或是在班上的時(shí)候，會覺得使用并創(chuàng)作這些信息十分困難。怎樣鞏固記憶是一個(gè)讓人郁悶的問題，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們在記憶的時(shí)候會發(fā)現(xiàn)無法證明自己熟悉材料。 Good study skills include methods to improve memory. Here are some memory tips to help students improve memory. 好的學(xué)習(xí)技巧也包括改善記憶的方法。這里有一些幫助學(xué)生們改善記憶的建議。 Tip 1: Use Sound Studying Techniques 建議一：使用好的學(xué)習(xí)技巧 The most important memory tip is to study actively and to space out one's studying to avoid cramming and to allow for memory consolidation. In order to retain information, students have to practice good study skills, including techniques for active reading. 最重要的記憶方法就是發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，并且利用碎片時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)，避免時(shí)間過于集中，從而鞏固記憶。為了吸收信息，學(xué)生們需要使用好的學(xué)習(xí)技巧，包括活躍閱讀的技巧。 Rather than just reading passively, students should annotate their reading, underlining key passages, putting question marks next to what they haven’t understood, and writing summaries of their reading. They can also take notes on what they read. This type of review helps them transfer information to their long-term memory and helps them connect it to what they already know, improving memory consolidation. Simply reading a text will not help students internalize the information as much as actively reading it and taking notes. In general, strategies for improving memory rely on repetition over time, which allows students to internalize information. Students' test preparation is most effective when they have used effective study skills to prepare for tests. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)該僅限于被動(dòng)地閱讀，而是應(yīng)該做上注釋，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵的段落，在不懂的地方畫上問號。他們也可以在閱讀時(shí)做做筆記。這種復(fù)習(xí)方式將信息轉(zhuǎn)化為長久地記憶，并和他們已有的知識聯(lián)系起來，從而促進(jìn)記憶的鞏固。僅僅是閱讀一篇文章不能夠幫助學(xué)生吸收信息，對他們進(jìn)行活躍閱讀和做筆記頁沒有益處。一般來說，改善記憶的模式取決于一次次的重復(fù)，使得學(xué)生能夠吸收信息。當(dāng)學(xué)生們使用有效的學(xué)習(xí)技巧來準(zhǔn)備考試時(shí)，他們?yōu)榭荚囁�做的�?zhǔn)備才是最能 發(fā)揮效果的。 Tip 2: Use Technology 使用科技 Some forms of technology help students improve memory by helping them retain information in their long-term memory. These programs help students with test preparation as well. For example, the free online program Quizlet enables students to create flash cards for different types of material they are studying—whether it is Spanish verbs, SAT vocabulary, or historical facts. 一些科技可以通過幫助學(xué)生長時(shí)間地記憶信息來改善他們的記憶。這些程序也可以幫助學(xué)生備考。例如，免費(fèi)的在線程序Quizlet可以針對不同類型的學(xué)習(xí)材料為學(xué)生們制作出閃存卡，不管是西班牙語動(dòng)詞，SAT詞匯還是史實(shí)類均可。 The program allows students to quiz themselves, and it presents them with the questions they answered incorrectly again and again until they get the questions right. This type of repetition is essential to transferring information into one’s long-term memory, and students can store their flash cards and return to them over time, enabling them to use more repetition over time. Students can also use paper flash cards too—as long as they keep reviewing them. In general, it’s helpful to review information over time, rather than cramming the night before a test. These study skills will help students transfer information to their long-term memory. 科技程序可以是學(xué)生們進(jìn)行自測，不斷地向他們列出答錯(cuò)的問題，直到學(xué)生答對為止。這種類型的重復(fù)對于將信息轉(zhuǎn)化為長時(shí)間的記憶非常重要，學(xué)生們可以一直保留這閃存卡，隨時(shí)回顧，以確保能夠重復(fù)使用。學(xué)生們也可以使用紙質(zhì)的閃存卡，只要一直堅(jiān)持回顧。一般來說，比起在考試前夜突擊，一次次地回顧信息才是有幫助的。這些學(xué)習(xí)技巧可以幫助學(xué)生們將信息轉(zhuǎn)化為長期記憶。 Tip 3: Get Enough Sleep 充足的睡眠 One of the most important memory tips is to get to bed early. Students who do not sleep enough on a regular basis may find that sleep debt hurts their ability to store information in their memory. Research has shown that sleep helps students cement information in their long-term memory, and, without it, students may find their memories impaired (at least until they get enough sleep). Students need to practice good sleep hygiene, such as turning off electronic devices at least an hour before bed and starting to unwind before their bedtimes. Such strategies will improve their overall health and well-being as well. Research has shown that many private school students do not sleep enough, and sleep deprivation can impair students' memory consolidation. 早早上床睡覺時(shí)最重要的記憶技巧之一。如果長期沒有得到充足的睡眠，學(xué)生們會在記憶信息時(shí)感到吃力。有研究表明，睡眠可以幫助學(xué)生長時(shí)間的鞏固信息，如果缺乏睡眠，學(xué)生們的記憶會受到損傷（至少在獲得充足睡眠之前）。學(xué)生們需要養(yǎng)成好的睡眠保健習(xí)慣，例如至少在睡前一小時(shí)關(guān)閉電子設(shè)備，并進(jìn)行睡前放松。這些模式也可以改善他們的整體安康。研究表明，許多私立學(xué)校學(xué)生沒有得到充足的睡眠，而睡眠剝奪只會損傷學(xué)生們的記憶固化。 Tip 4: Figure Out if There is A Larger Issue 解決更嚴(yán)重的問題。 Some students may find themselves struggling with memorization because of larger learning issues, such as ADHD or a learning disability. ADHD may interfere with a students’ ability to memorize or retain information, as the student may be contending with inattention or distractibility while learning. Inattention may interfere with the student’s ability to take in the information, retain it in his or her short-term memory, and store it in his or her long-term memory. If a student, teacher, or parent suspects that larger issues, such as ADHD or learning disabilities, are part of the picture, the student may benefit from having an educational evaluation, which looks at how the student learns and at each of the student’s many cognitive or brain functions, including memory. This information can often help students, teachers, and parents understand what is getting in a student’s way and find recommendations to help the student perform better. 一些學(xué)生會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在記憶方面特別吃力，因?yàn)樗麄冊趯W(xué)習(xí)上存在更大的問題，例如注意力不集中癥或者學(xué)習(xí)障礙。注意力不集中癥會影響學(xué)生記憶和吸收信息的能力，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)會遇到注意力不集中的問題。注意力不集中會影響學(xué)生吸收信息，將其短時(shí)間保存，直至長時(shí)間的記憶的能力。如果學(xué)生，老師或家長懷疑這些更嚴(yán)重問題，例如注意力不集中癥或?qū)W習(xí)障礙知是問題的一部分，學(xué)生們就會從教育評價(jià)中受益，因?yàn)槠溽槍Φ氖菍W(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的方法和每個(gè)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知或大腦功能，包括記憶。這個(gè)信息可以幫助學(xué)生，老師和家長理解學(xué)生學(xué)到了什么，并找到幫助學(xué)生變得更好的建議。
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