分詞(participle)
現(xiàn)在分詞一般式 否定式 完成式 被動(dòng)式
Doing Not doing Having done Being done
Not having done Having been done
Not being done
現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞表示被動(dòng)，表進(jìn)行;及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表被動(dòng)，完成。
Boiling water 正在沸騰的水 boiled water 已經(jīng)開過的水
The rising sun 正在升起的太陽(yáng) the risen sun 升起了的太陽(yáng)
A developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 a developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
*現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以在句中作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
作表語(yǔ)
。現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)一般表示主語(yǔ)的特征和句中主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)一般是物，有時(shí)也可以是人。
。過去分詞做表語(yǔ)一般表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)和句中主語(yǔ)是邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)一般是人，也可以是物。
(1) the film is moving we are moved
disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest
The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.
He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.
be covered /lined with
The door remained locked They remained listening.
2.做定語(yǔ)：
有些詞的過去分詞有兩種 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light
一般規(guī)則變化的做定語(yǔ)，不規(guī)則變化的不做定語(yǔ)
*單獨(dú)的一個(gè)分詞做定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾詞的前邊，分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后邊，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
1( 使動(dòng)詞的用法
*a girl named Mary came to see me .
*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .
a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving
a surprised look /expression on his face
2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun
Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.
The building being built is our teaching building.
He lives in a room facing the south.
注：有些詞只能用定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)而不能用過去分詞的形式。
The boy who came to see me is my brother.
There were accidents that always happened.
3) 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和過去分詞短語(yǔ)都可以做非限制性定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.
2.作狀語(yǔ)： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，條件狀語(yǔ)，伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
He went into the lab, following other students.
The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.
Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..
Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..
Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.
Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.
Having finished her work, she went home.
Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..
considering 就…而言 考慮到，各方面考慮起來
She seems very bright, considering.
Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.
The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.
注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.
Judging from his skin, he is an African.
He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.
但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………
regarding = about 關(guān)于…的問題
He spoke to me regarding his failure .
I must speak to you regarding this matter.
2) 分詞做狀語(yǔ)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。
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