高考臨近,小編為大家準(zhǔn)備了些高考詞匯的辨別,希望大家能從中獲益!
一、根據(jù)從句動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性來區(qū)分
1. “主短從長”型:即主句是一個(gè)短暫性的動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)三者都可用。如:
Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打網(wǎng)球時(shí)把手臂扭了。
As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火車時(shí),變得很不耐煩。
注意:as用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在……期間”時(shí),其謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(action)和發(fā)展(development)意味的動(dòng)詞,一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的while不能換為as:
A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去郵局。
B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps? 當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí),能幫我買幾張郵票嗎?
2. “主長從長”型:即主句和從句為兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,此時(shí)通常要用while。如:
I always listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機(jī)。
He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他沒有讓我進(jìn)去,他只顧看那張條子,讓我站在門口等著(from www.nmet168.com)。
但是,若主句和從句所表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時(shí),則習(xí)慣上要用as。如:
He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時(shí)擺動(dòng)著手臂。
I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可給孩子講了,只好現(xiàn)編現(xiàn)講。
3. “主長從短”型:即主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。
When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他進(jìn)來時(shí),我在聽收音機(jī)。
二、根據(jù)主句與從句動(dòng)作是否同時(shí)發(fā)生來區(qū)分
1. 若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類似漢語“一……就”的意思,英語一般要用as (也可用when)。如:
The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一進(jìn)來他立刻站了起來。
但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能將when換成as。如:
Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我們剛一到就下起雨來了。
2. 若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類似漢語“剛要……就”“正要……卻”的意思,英語一般要用as(也可用when),且此時(shí)通常連用副詞just。如:
I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要離開大樓的時(shí)候,我把他截住了。
Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在這兩個(gè)人要離開的時(shí)候,突然有了消息。
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