A Lesson in a Lab

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高一 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)


oduLe 5 A Lesson in a Lab 學(xué)案 外研版必修1 一堂實(shí)驗(yàn)
核心詞匯
1.She spent the afternoon_____________(漂浮)on her back in the pool.
2.It is good because it is written in friendly,______________(普通)language.
3.What was Jeff’s______________(反應(yīng))when you told him about the job?
4.We’re getting to the ____________(階段)where we hardly ever go out together.
5.The hotel wants to ____________(擴(kuò)大)its business by adding a swimming pool.
6.Hearing the news,she felt a strange ____________(混合)of excitement and fear.
7.I’ve got a good sense of____________(平衡)and learnt to ski quite quickly.
8.y father caught me and gave me a long____________ ()about the dangers of drinking.
9.We talked late into the night,but nothing was____________,because it was hard for us to draw a____________.(conclude).
10.To our____________,he was not ____________ at the ____________news, but it really__________his parents.(astonish)
1.floating 2.ordinary 3.reaction 4.stage 5.expand 6.mixture 7.balance 8.lecture 9.concluded;conclusion10.astonishment;astonished;astonishing;astonished
高頻短語(yǔ)
1.___________按順序排列……;使……有條理
2.___________ 在……的頂部/底部
3.___________ 往……加入……
4.___________ 不讓……入內(nèi)
5.___________ 控制;保留
6.___________ 進(jìn)行;(表示準(zhǔn)許)請(qǐng)做(說……)吧
7.___________ 過去(常常)……
8.___________ 在……領(lǐng)域
9.___________ 為……感到驕傲/自豪
10.__________ 理應(yīng);應(yīng)當(dāng)
1. put...in order 2.at the top/bottom of 3.add...to...4.keep...out of... 5.keep...down 6.go ahead 7.used to 8.in the area of 9.be proud of 10.be supposed to
重點(diǎn)句式
1._____________the earth’s surface ______________water.
地球表面三分之二是水。
2.The earth is ____________the moon.
地球比月球大49倍。
3.When we use metals,____________ to know how they____________different substances,____________,water and oxygen.
使用金屬時(shí),我們要了解金屬和不同的物質(zhì)(例如水和氧)如何發(fā)生反應(yīng),這一點(diǎn)很重要。
4.____________a table with the metals that ____________,and the metals that____________.
下面是一張金屬反應(yīng)表,列于頂部的金屬反應(yīng)最劇烈,下部的則最緩慢。
5.____________the tube for one week.
把試管放置一個(gè)星期。
6.It’s getting_____________!
天越越亮了!
7.____________you are,____________you’ll see.
你靠得越近,看到的就越多。
8.____________,seven Canadian scientists____________the Nobel Prize!
在過去的20年里,有七位加拿大科學(xué)家已獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)!
1.Two?thirds of;is 2.forty?nine times larger than 3.it is important;react with;for example 4.Here is;react most at the top;react least at the bottom 5.Leave 6.brighter and brighter 7.The closer;the more 8.In the last twenty years;have won
知識(shí)詳解
① expand  vi. 膨脹  vt. 擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)充
(回歸本P41)When you heat a metal,it expands.
當(dāng)你加熱金屬時(shí),它就會(huì)膨脹。
【歸納】
expand sth.使……膨脹,擴(kuò)大?
expand on/upon sth.詳述,充分?jǐn)⑹?
expansion n.擴(kuò)張,膨脹
① etals expand when they are heated.
金屬受熱會(huì)膨脹。
②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
隨著兒童的成長(zhǎng),他們的興趣會(huì)變廣,人也會(huì)變得更自信。
③Could you expand on that point,please?
請(qǐng)你把那一點(diǎn)詳細(xì)說明一下,好嗎?
【例句探】
expand,extend,spread, stretch
(1)expand展開,擴(kuò)大,不僅指尺寸的增加,還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
(2)extend伸出,延伸,指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大,以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的朝外延伸,也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。
(3)spread伸開,傳播,一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍,如傳播(疾病),散布(信息等)。
(4)stretch伸展,拉長(zhǎng),一般指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展,不是加長(zhǎng)。stretch out 躺下,伸展。
【易混辨析】
①Water expands when it freezes.
②The hot weather extended to October.
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.
1.Why not try to________your story into a novel?
A.revise         B.summarise
C.organise D.expand
解析:選D。句意是:你為什么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成一部小說呢?此句要用expand...into...表示“把……擴(kuò)展成……”。revise 的意思是“溫習(xí)”;summarise;organise組織起;expand擴(kuò)展。
【即境活用】
★2.Having finished his homework,Tony stood up behind the desk,________himself.
A.expanding       B.extending
C.stretching D.spreading
解析:選C。句意是:完成作業(yè)后,托尼從寫字桌后站了起,伸了伸懶腰。此題要用stretch指身體的伸展。
② conclusion  n. 結(jié)論
Conclusion
(回歸本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.
結(jié)論:鐵在普通水中生銹。
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論?make a conclusion下結(jié)論?
bring...to a conclusion使……結(jié)束?
in conclusion最后,作為結(jié)論地;總之?
conclude v.得出結(jié)論;斷定,推斷出;結(jié)束?
to conclude最后?
conclude from sth.that從……中斷定
【歸納總結(jié)】
①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.
他們得出的結(jié)論是:中國(guó)足球到了該整頓的時(shí)候了。
② In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后,我想說我今天過得很開心。
③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be lo
據(jù)認(rèn)定必要的變化水平將會(huì)很低。
④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.
我從他們的話中推斷出他們想接受這份幫助。
【例句探】
3.After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan,they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.
A.decision      B.opinion
C.conclusion D.impression
解析:選C。句意:關(guān)于這項(xiàng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),他們討論了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,最后終于得出了結(jié)論——這項(xiàng)實(shí)用。decision決定;opinion觀點(diǎn);conclusion結(jié)論;impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出結(jié)論”,為固定短語(yǔ)。
【即境活用】
③ ordinary  adj. 普通的,平常的
(回歸本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
釘子在裝有普通水的試管中生銹了。
ordinary?looking相貌平平的,相貌普通的?
out of the ordinary不尋常的;例外的?
in the ordinary way一般;通常
【歸納總結(jié)】
① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic,but he decided to bring ary some roses.
吉姆通常并不是一個(gè)浪漫的人,但他決定帶一些玫瑰花給瑪麗。
②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.
新稅費(fèi)對(duì)普通美國(guó)人說如同一次重?fù)簟?br />③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.
沒發(fā)生什么意外之事。
④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.
在一個(gè)國(guó)家很普通的事,在另一個(gè)國(guó)家可能很奇怪。
【例句探】
【易混辨析】
ordinary,common,usual,normal
(1)ordinary普通的,平常的,平凡的。強(qiáng)調(diào)等級(jí)和類屬方面普通。有“平庸無奇”之意。
(2)common普通的,常見的。強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常發(fā)生,司空見慣,可修飾人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常識(shí)。
(3)usual 通常的,慣常的,慣例的,強(qiáng)調(diào)依照慣例判斷,有“遵循常規(guī)”之意。
(4) normal正常的,合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。強(qiáng)調(diào)在正常情況下應(yīng)有的。
①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
②Last Sunday,he went to work as usual.
③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.
④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.
4.I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.
A.ordinary      B.usual
C.common D.regular
解析:選D。ordinary“平常的,平凡的”;usual“通常的,慣例的”;common “常見的,共有的”;regular“定期的,固定的”。根據(jù)句意“我實(shí)在懷念定期領(lǐng)取工資支票的安全感”,可知選D項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
④ react  vi. (化學(xué))反應(yīng);起作用;起反應(yīng)
(回歸本P44)...it is important to know how they react with different substances...
……要了解它們和不同的物質(zhì)如何發(fā)生反應(yīng),這一點(diǎn)很重要……
react to對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)?
react with與……起(化學(xué))反應(yīng)?
react against反對(duì);反抗?
react on/upon對(duì)……有影響?
reaction n.反應(yīng)
【歸納總結(jié)】
① How did he react to your suggestion?
他對(duì)你的建議反應(yīng)如何?
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿反抗他們。
③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
鐵與水和空氣起化學(xué)反應(yīng)而生銹。
④How do acids react on metals?
酸對(duì)金屬起什么反應(yīng)?
⑤What was her reaction to the news?
她對(duì)這消息的反應(yīng)如何?
【例句探】
5.—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?
—I reacted strongly________it.
A.on;to      B.on;with
C.a(chǎn)gainst;with D.to;against
解析:選D。react with“與……發(fā)生反應(yīng)”;react to“對(duì)……的反應(yīng)”;react against“反對(duì)”。句意:“你對(duì)你父親的建議有何反應(yīng)?”“我堅(jiān)決反對(duì)!
【即境活用】
⑤ add...to... 把……加到……
(回歸本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
在水中加些油。這樣做可防止空氣進(jìn)入水中。
【歸納總結(jié)】
add v.加;繼續(xù)說;補(bǔ)充說?
add to增加;增添?
add up把……加起?
add up to合計(jì)達(dá);結(jié)果是?
addition n.加;(數(shù))加法;增加?
in addition另外?
in addition to除……之外
【例句探】
①Please add some sugar to the bread.
請(qǐng)?jiān)诿姘霞有┨恰?br />②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。
③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
煙花使節(jié)日之夜更具吸引力。
④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把這些數(shù)字加起,弄清楚總計(jì)是多少。
6.The total cost of their trip to America________
$ 8,000.
A.a(chǎn)dded up to      B.a(chǎn)dded up
C.a(chǎn)dded to D.was added up to
解析:選A。由題意可知,此處意指“總計(jì)”,故用add up to,此短語(yǔ)一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
★7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew
at sea.
A.a(chǎn)dded to       B.resulted from
C.turned out D.made up
解析:選A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。
【即境活用】
⑥ keep...out of 使……進(jìn)不去;不讓……進(jìn)入;把……擋在外面;避開
(回歸本P45)This will keep air out of the water.
這將阻止空氣進(jìn)入水中。
【歸納總結(jié)】
keep after追趕?keep away遠(yuǎn)離?keep back阻止;隱瞞?keep down吞下;鎮(zhèn)壓;控制?keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事?keep off防止,避開?keep on繼續(xù)?keep to堅(jiān)持;履行?keep up不低落;維持,堅(jiān)持;繼續(xù)?keep up with跟上
①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.
你最好不要卷入別人的糾紛中去。
②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.
他懇求警察不要在報(bào)紙上披露他的名字。
③Please keep the dog out of the study.
別讓這只狗進(jìn)書房。
【例句探】
★8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.
A.keep out of       B.keep out
C.keep away D.keep back
解析:選A。句意“我警告比爾我不在的時(shí)候不要惹麻煩!
9.________the fire,or your clothes may catch fire.
A.eep out       B.eep away
C.eep to D.eep off
解析:選D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火,否則衣服容易著火!
【即境活用】
⑦ go ahead 開始;繼續(xù);進(jìn)展;領(lǐng)先
(回歸本P48) Go ahead!means Begin!
“開始吧!”意思是“開始!”
【歸納總結(jié)】
go ahead with繼續(xù)做……?
go straight ahead一直往前走?
go ahead of走在……前頭
①“ay I ask you a question?”“Yes,go ahead.”
“我可以問你一個(gè)問題嗎?”“可以,問吧!”
②Don’t be disturbed;just go ahead with your work.
不要受干擾,你們只管干你們的活。
③Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情進(jìn)展順利。
④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.
你先走一步,告訴他們我們隨后就到。
【例句探】
10.(2009年高考四川卷)—ay I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A.Come on!      B.Take care!
C.Go ahead! D.Hold on!
解析:選C。問句是在請(qǐng)求許可,句意是:我可以打開窗戶,讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)嗎?四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Go ahead!表示說話者同意,意為“打開吧!”Come on!用催促對(duì)方,意為“快點(diǎn)吧!”Take care!小心!Hold on!堅(jiān)持住!。
【即境活用】
★11. (2009年高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
—________.
A.With pleasure      B.Go ahead
C.Yes,please D.That’s O
解析:選A。問句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗戶關(guān)上?”這個(gè)情景是請(qǐng)對(duì)方做某事,所以回答不能用Go ahead,而是With pleasure(愿意)。
★12.(2010年高考重慶卷)—Honey,let’s go out for dinner.
—________I don’t have to cook.
A.Forget it!      B.That’s great!
C.Why? D.Go ahead.
解析:選B。句意:——親愛的,我們?nèi)ネ饷娉酝盹埌伞!昧!我不必做飯了!由語(yǔ)境I don’t have to cook可知,聽話者非常贊同說話者提出的建議,故答案為B項(xiàng)。forget it“沒關(guān)系”“不必太在意”;why?“干嘛?”go ahead“去做吧”,都不符合語(yǔ)境。
⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按規(guī)則、慣例等)做(某事)
(回歸本P49)...as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
……因?yàn)閮蓚(gè)(大學(xué))都有不錯(cuò)的物理系。
suppose v.假設(shè),假定?
It is supposed that...認(rèn)為……?
be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/應(yīng)該……?
I don’t suppose(that)我以為……不會(huì)……?
I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。?
be supposed to have done被認(rèn)為做過某事;本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事
【歸納總結(jié)】
①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.
一般都認(rèn)為此事不會(huì)再發(fā)生。
②Everybody is supposed to know the law,but few people do.
人人都應(yīng)當(dāng)懂得法律,但很少有人懂。
③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
無論是誰(shuí),只要被認(rèn)為適合做這項(xiàng)工作都被要求報(bào)了名。
【例句探】
④You were supposed to have come,we had been waiting for you.
你應(yīng)當(dāng),我們一直在等著你。
⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.
湯姆被認(rèn)為偷了錢。
13.—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30,but was almost half an hour late.
—Common practice.
A.was about to     B.was likely to
C.was supposed to D.was certain to
解析:選C。be supposed to do“本應(yīng)該”。
【即境活用】
★14.The message is very important,so it is supposed________as soon as possible.
A.to be sent      B.to send
C.being sent D.sending
解析:選A。句意:這條信息很重要,所以要盡快發(fā)出去。be supposed后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu),意為“理應(yīng),應(yīng)該”,排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。it 指message,message和send之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除B項(xiàng),故A為正確答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)
很難想象一個(gè)沒有金屬的世界。
【句法分析】 本句中,it 為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to think of...,構(gòu)成It is/was+adj.+to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth.該句式中,作表語(yǔ)的形容詞只能說明不定式的行為性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者。常見的這類形容詞有:easy,important,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary等。
It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.該句式中,作表語(yǔ)的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的品行、性格或性質(zhì)。常見的這類形容詞有:kind,nice,good,honest,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,rude,polite,impolite等。
It is+adj./n.+that?clause
It is+no good/use doing sth.
①It is easier to say than to do.說比做容易。
②It is no good playing computer games.玩電腦游戲沒有好處。
③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.
很遺憾他沒有通過考試。
④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.
據(jù)說票已售完。
15.(2010年高考大綱全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.
A.this        B.that
C.one D.it
解析:選D。句意:醫(yī)生認(rèn)為度假對(duì)你有好處。本題考查代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意不定式短語(yǔ)to have a holiday在賓語(yǔ)從句中作真正的主語(yǔ),只有it 可作形式主語(yǔ),故選D項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
★16.(2009年高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A.a(chǎn)s        B.which
C.whether D.that
解析:選D。句意是:對(duì)學(xué)生說,很明顯的是他們應(yīng)該為將做好準(zhǔn)備。It是形式主語(yǔ),________they should get well prepared for their future是主語(yǔ)從句,作真正的主語(yǔ)。這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞起引導(dǎo)作用,不作成分,故用that。
② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)
這兒有一個(gè)圖表,那些反應(yīng)最強(qiáng)烈的金屬在上部,反應(yīng)最不強(qiáng)烈的在下部。
【句法分析】 這是一個(gè)倒裝句,正常語(yǔ)序是:A table with...is here.
(1)在there ,here引導(dǎo)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)是be,exist等表示狀態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子要全部倒裝。
(2)在there,here,now,then,thus等開頭的句子里,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come,go,follow等時(shí),句子要全部倒裝。
(3)here,there引導(dǎo)的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),不倒裝,且此類句子不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想讓你做的事情。
②There goes the bus. 公共汽車走了。
③Now comes my turn.現(xiàn)在該輪到我了。
17.(2010年高考江蘇卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look,there________the rest of our guests!
A.come         B.comes
C.is coming D.a(chǎn)re coming
解析:選A。句意:——都到了嗎?——還沒有……看,其余的客人過了!本題考查主謂一致。本句中there放在句首,句子采用了倒裝句式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)the rest of our guests判斷,B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,可排除;come用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將的動(dòng)作,不合題意,可排除;A項(xiàng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)一致,故答案為A。
【即境活用】
★18.(2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.
A.voices had come     B.came voices
C.voices would come D.did voices come
解析:選B?疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間的副詞now,then及表示方位的副詞here,there等位于句首,與位移性動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive等連用,且主語(yǔ)不是人稱代詞,此時(shí)用完全倒裝。從前一句可知此處描述的是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時(shí)。


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