oduLe 5 A Lesson in a Lab 學案 外研版必修1 一堂實驗
核心詞匯
1.She spent the afternoon_____________(漂浮)on her back in the pool.
2.It is good because it is written in friendly,______________(普通)language.
3.What was Jeff’s______________(反應)when you told him about the job?
4.We’re getting to the ____________(階段)where we hardly ever go out together.
5.The hotel wants to ____________(擴大)its business by adding a swimming pool.
6.Hearing the news,she felt a strange ____________(混合)of excitement and fear.
7.I’ve got a good sense of____________(平衡)and learnt to ski quite quickly.
8.y father caught me and gave me a long____________ ()about the dangers of drinking.
9.We talked late into the night,but nothing was____________,because it was hard for us to draw a____________.(conclude).
10.To our____________,he was not ____________ at the ____________news, but it really__________his parents.(astonish)
1.floating 2.ordinary 3.reaction 4.stage 5.expand 6.mixture 7.balance 8.lecture 9.concluded;conclusion10.astonishment;astonished;astonishing;astonished
高頻短語
1.___________按順序排列……;使……有條理
2.___________ 在……的頂部/底部
3.___________ 往……加入……
4.___________ 不讓……入內(nèi)
5.___________ 控制;保留
6.___________ 進行;(表示準許)請做(說……)吧
7.___________ 過去(常常)……
8.___________ 在……領域
9.___________ 為……感到驕傲/自豪
10.__________ 理應;應當
1. put...in order 2.at the top/bottom of 3.add...to...4.keep...out of... 5.keep...down 6.go ahead 7.used to 8.in the area of 9.be proud of 10.be supposed to
重點句式
1._____________the earth’s surface ______________water.
地球表面三分之二是水。
2.The earth is ____________the moon.
地球比月球大49倍。
3.When we use metals,____________ to know how they____________different substances,____________,water and oxygen.
使用金屬時,我們要了解金屬和不同的物質(zhì)(例如水和氧)如何發(fā)生反應,這一點很重要。
4.____________a table with the metals that ____________,and the metals that____________.
下面是一張金屬反應表,列于頂部的金屬反應最劇烈,下部的則最緩慢。
5.____________the tube for one week.
把試管放置一個星期。
6.It’s getting_____________!
天越越亮了!
7.____________you are,____________you’ll see.
你靠得越近,看到的就越多。
8.____________,seven Canadian scientists____________the Nobel Prize!
在過去的20年里,有七位加拿大科學家已獲得諾貝爾獎!
1.Two?thirds of;is 2.forty?nine times larger than 3.it is important;react with;for example 4.Here is;react most at the top;react least at the bottom 5.Leave 6.brighter and brighter 7.The closer;the more 8.In the last twenty years;have won
知識詳解
① expand vi. 膨脹 vt. 擴大,擴充
(回歸本P41)When you heat a metal,it expands.
當你加熱金屬時,它就會膨脹。
【歸納】
expand sth.使……膨脹,擴大?
expand on/upon sth.詳述,充分敘述?
expansion n.擴張,膨脹
① etals expand when they are heated.
金屬受熱會膨脹。
②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
隨著兒童的成長,他們的興趣會變廣,人也會變得更自信。
③Could you expand on that point,please?
請你把那一點詳細說明一下,好嗎?
【例句探】
expand,extend,spread, stretch
(1)expand展開,擴大,不僅指尺寸的增加,還可指范圍和體積的擴大。
(2)extend伸出,延伸,指空間范圍的擴大,以及長度、寬度的朝外延伸,也可指時間的延長。
(3)spread伸開,傳播,一般指向四面八方擴大傳播的范圍,如傳播(疾病),散布(信息等)。
(4)stretch伸展,拉長,一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展,不是加長。stretch out 躺下,伸展。
【易混辨析】
①Water expands when it freezes.
②The hot weather extended to October.
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.
1.Why not try to________your story into a novel?
A.revise B.summarise
C.organise D.expand
解析:選D。句意是:你為什么不把你的故事擴展成一部小說呢?此句要用expand...into...表示“把……擴展成……”。revise 的意思是“溫習”;summarise;organise組織起;expand擴展。
【即境活用】
★2.Having finished his homework,Tony stood up behind the desk,________himself.
A.expanding B.extending
C.stretching D.spreading
解析:選C。句意是:完成作業(yè)后,托尼從寫字桌后站了起,伸了伸懶腰。此題要用stretch指身體的伸展。
② conclusion n. 結論
Conclusion
(回歸本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.
結論:鐵在普通水中生銹。
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出結論?make a conclusion下結論?
bring...to a conclusion使……結束?
in conclusion最后,作為結論地;總之?
conclude v.得出結論;斷定,推斷出;結束?
to conclude最后?
conclude from sth.that從……中斷定
【歸納總結】
①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.
他們得出的結論是:中國足球到了該整頓的時候了。
② In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后,我想說我今天過得很開心。
③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be lo
據(jù)認定必要的變化水平將會很低。
④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.
我從他們的話中推斷出他們想接受這份幫助。
【例句探】
3.After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan,they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.
A.decision B.opinion
C.conclusion D.impression
解析:選C。句意:關于這項的優(yōu)缺點,他們討論了很長時間,最后終于得出了結論——這項實用。decision決定;opinion觀點;conclusion結論;impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出結論”,為固定短語。
【即境活用】
③ ordinary adj. 普通的,平常的
(回歸本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
釘子在裝有普通水的試管中生銹了。
ordinary?looking相貌平平的,相貌普通的?
out of the ordinary不尋常的;例外的?
in the ordinary way一般;通常
【歸納總結】
① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic,but he decided to bring ary some roses.
吉姆通常并不是一個浪漫的人,但他決定帶一些玫瑰花給瑪麗。
②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.
新稅費對普通美國人說如同一次重擊。
③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.
沒發(fā)生什么意外之事。
④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.
在一個國家很普通的事,在另一個國家可能很奇怪。
【例句探】
【易混辨析】
ordinary,common,usual,normal
(1)ordinary普通的,平常的,平凡的。強調(diào)等級和類屬方面普通。有“平庸無奇”之意。
(2)common普通的,常見的。強調(diào)經(jīng)常發(fā)生,司空見慣,可修飾人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常識。
(3)usual 通常的,慣常的,慣例的,強調(diào)依照慣例判斷,有“遵循常規(guī)”之意。
(4) normal正常的,合乎標準的。強調(diào)在正常情況下應有的。
①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
②Last Sunday,he went to work as usual.
③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.
④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.
4.I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.
A.ordinary B.usual
C.common D.regular
解析:選D。ordinary“平常的,平凡的”;usual“通常的,慣例的”;common “常見的,共有的”;regular“定期的,固定的”。根據(jù)句意“我實在懷念定期領取工資支票的安全感”,可知選D項。
【即境活用】
④ react vi. (化學)反應;起作用;起反應
(回歸本P44)...it is important to know how they react with different substances...
……要了解它們和不同的物質(zhì)如何發(fā)生反應,這一點很重要……
react to對……作出反應?
react with與……起(化學)反應?
react against反對;反抗?
react on/upon對……有影響?
reaction n.反應
【歸納總結】
① How did he react to your suggestion?
他對你的建議反應如何?
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿反抗他們。
③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
鐵與水和空氣起化學反應而生銹。
④How do acids react on metals?
酸對金屬起什么反應?
⑤What was her reaction to the news?
她對這消息的反應如何?
【例句探】
5.—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?
—I reacted strongly________it.
A.on;to B.on;with
C.a(chǎn)gainst;with D.to;against
解析:選D。react with“與……發(fā)生反應”;react to“對……的反應”;react against“反對”。句意:“你對你父親的建議有何反應?”“我堅決反對!
【即境活用】
⑤ add...to... 把……加到……
(回歸本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
在水中加些油。這樣做可防止空氣進入水中。
【歸納總結】
add v.加;繼續(xù)說;補充說?
add to增加;增添?
add up把……加起?
add up to合計達;結果是?
addition n.加;(數(shù))加法;增加?
in addition另外?
in addition to除……之外
【例句探】
①Please add some sugar to the bread.
請在面包上加些糖。
②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。
③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
煙花使節(jié)日之夜更具吸引力。
④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把這些數(shù)字加起,弄清楚總計是多少。
6.The total cost of their trip to America________
$ 8,000.
A.a(chǎn)dded up to B.a(chǎn)dded up
C.a(chǎn)dded to D.was added up to
解析:選A。由題意可知,此處意指“總計”,故用add up to,此短語一般不用被動語態(tài)。
★7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew
at sea.
A.a(chǎn)dded to B.resulted from
C.turned out D.made up
解析:選A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。
【即境活用】
⑥ keep...out of 使……進不去;不讓……進入;把……擋在外面;避開
(回歸本P45)This will keep air out of the water.
這將阻止空氣進入水中。
【歸納總結】
keep after追趕?keep away遠離?keep back阻止;隱瞞?keep down吞下;鎮(zhèn)壓;控制?keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事?keep off防止,避開?keep on繼續(xù)?keep to堅持;履行?keep up不低落;維持,堅持;繼續(xù)?keep up with跟上
①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.
你最好不要卷入別人的糾紛中去。
②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.
他懇求警察不要在報紙上披露他的名字。
③Please keep the dog out of the study.
別讓這只狗進書房。
【例句探】
★8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.
A.keep out of B.keep out
C.keep away D.keep back
解析:選A。句意“我警告比爾我不在的時候不要惹麻煩!
9.________the fire,or your clothes may catch fire.
A.eep out B.eep away
C.eep to D.eep off
解析:選D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火,否則衣服容易著火!
【即境活用】
⑦ go ahead 開始;繼續(xù);進展;領先
(回歸本P48) Go ahead!means Begin!
“開始吧!”意思是“開始!”
【歸納總結】
go ahead with繼續(xù)做……?
go straight ahead一直往前走?
go ahead of走在……前頭
①“ay I ask you a question?”“Yes,go ahead.”
“我可以問你一個問題嗎?”“可以,問吧!”
②Don’t be disturbed;just go ahead with your work.
不要受干擾,你們只管干你們的活。
③Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情進展順利。
④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.
你先走一步,告訴他們我們隨后就到。
【例句探】
10.(2009年高考四川卷)—ay I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A.Come on! B.Take care!
C.Go ahead! D.Hold on!
解析:選C。問句是在請求許可,句意是:我可以打開窗戶,讓新鮮空氣進嗎?四個選項中只有Go ahead!表示說話者同意,意為“打開吧!”Come on!用催促對方,意為“快點吧!”Take care!小心!Hold on!堅持住!。
【即境活用】
★11. (2009年高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
—________.
A.With pleasure B.Go ahead
C.Yes,please D.That’s O
解析:選A。問句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗戶關上?”這個情景是請對方做某事,所以回答不能用Go ahead,而是With pleasure(愿意)。
★12.(2010年高考重慶卷)—Honey,let’s go out for dinner.
—________I don’t have to cook.
A.Forget it! B.That’s great!
C.Why? D.Go ahead.
解析:選B。句意:——親愛的,我們?nèi)ネ饷娉酝盹埌。——太好了!我不必做飯了!由語境I don’t have to cook可知,聽話者非常贊同說話者提出的建議,故答案為B項。forget it“沒關系”“不必太在意”;why?“干嘛?”go ahead“去做吧”,都不符合語境。
⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按規(guī)則、慣例等)做(某事)
(回歸本P49)...as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
……因為兩個(大學)都有不錯的物理系。
suppose v.假設,假定?
It is supposed that...認為……?
be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/應該……?
I don’t suppose(that)我以為……不會……?
I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。?
be supposed to have done被認為做過某事;本應當做某事
【歸納總結】
①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.
一般都認為此事不會再發(fā)生。
②Everybody is supposed to know the law,but few people do.
人人都應當懂得法律,但很少有人懂。
③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
無論是誰,只要被認為適合做這項工作都被要求報了名。
【例句探】
④You were supposed to have come,we had been waiting for you.
你應當,我們一直在等著你。
⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.
湯姆被認為偷了錢。
13.—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30,but was almost half an hour late.
—Common practice.
A.was about to B.was likely to
C.was supposed to D.was certain to
解析:選C。be supposed to do“本應該”。
【即境活用】
★14.The message is very important,so it is supposed________as soon as possible.
A.to be sent B.to send
C.being sent D.sending
解析:選A。句意:這條信息很重要,所以要盡快發(fā)出去。be supposed后接不定式結構,意為“理應,應該”,排除C項和D項。it 指message,message和send之間為被動關系,排除B項,故A為正確答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)
很難想象一個沒有金屬的世界。
【句法分析】 本句中,it 為形式主語,真正的主語是不定式短語to think of...,構成It is/was+adj.+to do sth.的結構。
It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth.該句式中,作表語的形容詞只能說明不定式的行為性質(zhì)和特點,不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者。常見的這類形容詞有:easy,important,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary等。
It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.該句式中,作表語的形容詞表達不定式的邏輯主語的品行、性格或性質(zhì)。常見的這類形容詞有:kind,nice,good,honest,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,rude,polite,impolite等。
It is+adj./n.+that?clause
It is+no good/use doing sth.
①It is easier to say than to do.說比做容易。
②It is no good playing computer games.玩電腦游戲沒有好處。
③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.
很遺憾他沒有通過考試。
④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.
據(jù)說票已售完。
15.(2010年高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.
A.this B.that
C.one D.it
解析:選D。句意:醫(yī)生認為度假對你有好處。本題考查代詞it作形式主語。根據(jù)句意不定式短語to have a holiday在賓語從句中作真正的主語,只有it 可作形式主語,故選D項。
【即境活用】
★16.(2009年高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A.a(chǎn)s B.which
C.whether D.that
解析:選D。句意是:對學生說,很明顯的是他們應該為將做好準備。It是形式主語,________they should get well prepared for their future是主語從句,作真正的主語。這個引導詞起引導作用,不作成分,故用that。
② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)
這兒有一個圖表,那些反應最強烈的金屬在上部,反應最不強烈的在下部。
【句法分析】 這是一個倒裝句,正常語序是:A table with...is here.
(1)在there ,here引導的句子中,謂語是be,exist等表示狀態(tài)的不及物動詞時,句子要全部倒裝。
(2)在there,here,now,then,thus等開頭的句子里,謂語動詞是come,go,follow等時,句子要全部倒裝。
(3)here,there引導的句子,當主語是代詞時,不倒裝,且此類句子不用進行時。
①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想讓你做的事情。
②There goes the bus. 公共汽車走了。
③Now comes my turn.現(xiàn)在該輪到我了。
17.(2010年高考江蘇卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look,there________the rest of our guests!
A.come B.comes
C.is coming D.a(chǎn)re coming
解析:選A。句意:——都到了嗎?——還沒有……看,其余的客人過了!本題考查主謂一致。本句中there放在句首,句子采用了倒裝句式,謂語動詞應該根據(jù)句子的主語the rest of our guests判斷,B項和C項為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,可排除;come用于進行時態(tài)表示將的動作,不合題意,可排除;A項謂語動詞與主語一致,故答案為A。
【即境活用】
★18.(2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.
A.voices had come B.came voices
C.voices would come D.did voices come
解析:選B?疾榈寡b結構。表示時間的副詞now,then及表示方位的副詞here,there等位于句首,與位移性動詞come,go,arrive等連用,且主語不是人稱代詞,此時用完全倒裝。從前一句可知此處描述的是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時。
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