知識詳解
① character n． 品質(zhì)，性格；人物，角色；名譽；文字
(回歸課本P52)As in the old wuxia stories，characters leap through the air every now and then，with beautiful，graceful movements，while audiences shout in surprise.
正如在古代武俠故事中一樣，影片中的人物不時地在空中跳躍并做出許多優(yōu)美的動作，觀眾看到這些時都發(fā)出驚叫。
【歸納總結(jié)】
①Girl as she is，she has a strong but gentle character.
盡管是個女孩，但她具有堅強而又溫柔的性格。
②Liquids are different in character from both solids and gases.
液體的特性與固體和氣體均不相同。
③ I can’t believe she lied to me－it seems so out of character.
我想不到她會對我撒謊，這不符合她的個性。
④For years，Mickey has been a character that the Disney Corp.dare not tamper with.
多年來，迪士尼集團一直不敢損害米奇這一角色。
【例句探源】
1．(高考湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for________building.
A．respect B．friendship C．reputation D．character
解析：選D�？疾槊~辨析。獨自遠足利于塑造性格，用character building表示“品格培養(yǎng)”。注意第二句中it指代的是第一句中的“Hiking by oneself”，其他選項不符合題意。
【即境活用】
2.He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his________was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A．temper B．a(chǎn)ppearance C．talent D．character
解析：選D�？疾樵~義辨析。temper表示“脾氣”；appearance表示“外表”；talent表示“才能，天賦”；character表示“性格；品質(zhì)”。本句意為“他證明自己是個真正的紳士，他的人格魅力當他同別人一起工作時體現(xiàn)得最明顯。”
② argue vi. 爭論，辯論
vt. 辯論；主張；說服；表明；證明
(回歸課本P55)Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch?
你曾和家人爭論過要看哪個電視節(jié)目嗎？
argument n.爭論，辯論；論據(jù)，論點
argue about/on/over 辯論某事
argue with sb.與某人爭吵
argue against反駁
argue sb.down駁倒某人,argue for贊成，為……而力爭
argue sb.into...說服某人做……
argue sb.out of...說服某人不做某事
beyond argument 無可爭辯的
【歸納總結(jié)】
①I argued her into buying a new car.
我說服她買一輛新車。
② I’m not going to argue with you, but I think you’re wrong.
我不想和你爭辯，但是我認為你錯了。
③You can argue against extending the airport on the grounds of cost.
你可以以成本太高為理由反對擴建機場。
【例句探源】
3.He argued________smoking，and insisted that it was________argument that smoking was harmful to health.
A．for；beyond B．a(chǎn)gainst；over C. for；over D．a(chǎn)gainst；beyond
解析：選D。argue for...表示“提出理由以支持……”，argue against表示“提出理由以反對……”；It is beyond argument that...是固定句式，表示“……是無可爭辯的。”本句意為“他反對抽煙，并堅持認為抽煙有害身體健康是無可爭辯的�！�
【即境活用】
4．完成句子
We__________________________________(說服他采納)the plan.
解析：考查argue sb.into doing sth.表示“說服某人干某事”的意思。
答案：argued him into adopting
③ occasionally adv. 偶爾；有時
(回歸課本P54) It has occasionally been done.這偶爾為之。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
① I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
我習慣了乘飛機旅行，只是有一次把我嚇壞了。
②I have on occasion visited her at home.
有時我去登門拜訪她。
③More than once Dr.Standish had occasion to warn his son about his irresponsible behaviour.
對于兒子不負責任的行為，斯坦迪什博士不得不多次向他提出告誡。
④They marked the occasion with an open?air concert.
他們舉辦露天音樂會來慶祝這個特別的時刻。
5．As he works in a remote area，he visits his parents only ________.
A．occasionally B．a(chǎn)nxiously C．practically D．urgently
解析：選A。句意：因為在一個偏遠地區(qū)工作，他只偶爾看望一下父母。occasionally＝sometimes，but not regularly and not often偶爾，間或；anxiously焦急地；practically幾乎，實際地；urgently迫切地。依據(jù)語境可知A項正確。
【即境活用】
6.He was busy writing the story all the morning，pausing________to search for the right word.
A．occasionally B．eventually
C．urgently D．conveniently
解析：選A。occasionally“有時，偶爾”；eventually“最終”；urgently“迫切地，急切地”；conveniently“方便地，便利地”。根據(jù)句意“整個上午他都在忙于寫那篇故事，偶爾停下來琢磨恰當?shù)淖盅��！笨芍�，答案為A。
④ entertaining adj. 令人愉快的；有趣的
(回歸課本P55)Do you agree or disagree that advertisements are entertaining?
你同意不同意廣告有趣這一說法？
【歸納總結(jié)】
(1)entertain vt.使娛樂，使快樂；招待，款待
entertain sb.to sth.用……招待/款待某人
entertain sb.with sth.用……使某人快樂(2)entertainment n.娛樂，文娛節(jié)目；招待，款待
【例句探源】
①We thought that the new play was most entertaining.
我們認為這部新劇是非常有趣的。
②She enjoys cooking and often entertains her friends.
她喜歡做飯，經(jīng)常招待她的朋友吃飯。
③The entertainment was provided by a folk band.
這個文娛節(jié)目由民歌樂隊演出。
④He entertained us with a stream of anecdotes about the Yukon.
他講了一連串有關(guān)育空地區(qū)的趣事引我們開心。
7.Chinese arts have won the________of a lot of overseas people.
A．enjoyment B．a(chǎn)ppreciation
C．entertainment D．reputation
解析：選B�？疾槊~辨析。enjoyment“愉快，快樂”；appreciation“欣賞，贊賞，評價，感激”；entertainment“款待，娛樂”；reputation“名譽，名聲”。句意：中國藝術(shù)受到許多海外人士的贊賞。由句意可知答案為B。
【即境活用】
8．完成句子
He______________________________reading all day long.
他整天以讀書為樂。
答案：found an entertainment in
⑤ come out 出現(xiàn)；出版；開花；傳出，透露；得某名次；合計
(回歸課本P51) When did it come out?
這部影片是什么時候發(fā)行的？
【歸納總結(jié)】
come about 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生
come after追趕或追逐
come by路過；偶然遇到；獲得
come into use開始被投入使用
come over順便訪問；過來
come with與……一起供給；伴隨
①My first novel came out while I was at college.
上大學時我的第一本小說出版了。
②It came out that he had been telling lies.
后來才知道他一直在說謊。
③The photos from our trip didn’t come out.
我們旅行的照片沖洗的效果不好。
④The total cost comes out at $500.
總計費用為500美元。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
9．The dictionary is being printed and it will soon________.
A．turn out B．come out
C．start out D．go out
解析：選B。turn out 結(jié)果是；come out出版；start out 出發(fā)，動身；go out出去。根據(jù)句意“這本詞典正在印刷當中，不久就會出版。”可知應選B。
10.It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it________that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
解析：選C。come about產(chǎn)生；發(fā)生；come over過來；順便拜訪；come out出現(xiàn)；出版；come up上來；走近；長出；被提出。根據(jù)句意“已經(jīng)十點鐘了，我不知道這么短的路程她怎么會遲到兩個小時�！笨芍獞xC。
⑥ care about 關(guān)心；顧慮；在乎
(回歸課本P53) Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about most.
我們最關(guān)注秀蓮這個角色，她勇敢、善良、堅強。
【歸納總結(jié)】
take care當心
take care of照料，處理
undaer the care of在……的照料下，在……的保護下
with care小心，慎重
care for喜歡；照料
in care of由……轉(zhuǎn)交
leave sth.to the care of sb.把……交托某人照料
①Jane does not care about money.
簡對錢不感興趣。
②(高考重慶卷)I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work，and he didn’t care about me.
我確信我的經(jīng)紀人不關(guān)心我的工作，也不關(guān)心我。
③They didn’t care about the expense.
他們對費用并不在意。
【例句探源】
care about，care for
兩詞組都可表示“對……擔心”“關(guān)心”“喜歡”。
care about側(cè)重“在乎，在意”常用于否定句表示無所謂的態(tài)度。
care for側(cè)重“照料”“尊重”“愿意”。
①She doesn’t care for that colour.
②As an orphan，he is cared for by the local authorities.
③I don’t care about what people have said.
【易混辨析】
【即境活用】
11.Miss Fang is very good at________the sick，so she is quite popular among the patients.
A．caring for B．caring of
C．taking care D．caring about
解析：選A。根據(jù)句意“方護士很擅長照顧病人，因此她很受病人的歡迎。”可知應選A。C選項應加of ；care about表示“在意；在乎；關(guān)心；擔心”，與句意不符。
12．?Would you ________ a game of table tennis，Cathy?
?I’d love to，but I still have piles of homework to do.
A．care for B．care about
C．care to D．take care of
解析：選A。care for“喜歡”；care about“在意，擔憂”；care to“想要，愿意(to是不定式符號，其后接動詞原形)”；take care of“照顧，照看”由語境可知A項切題。
⑦ to one’s surprise 令某人驚訝/吃驚的是
(回歸課本P52)Now，to everyone’s surprise, Ang Lee，director of a number of excellent films，has made a martial arts film called Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon.
令每個人驚訝的是，曾經(jīng)拍了許多優(yōu)秀影片的導演李安，現(xiàn)在拍了一部名為《臥虎藏龍》的功夫片。
【歸納總結(jié)】
(2)be surprised at...對……感到驚訝
to one’s joy/delight令某人高興的是……
to one’s horror令某人恐懼的是……
to one’s excitement令某人興奮的是……
to one’s sadness令某人難過的是……
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是……
to one’s satisfaction令某人滿意的是……
to one’s regret令某人遺憾的是……
to one’s relief令某人松了一口氣的是……
①To my surprise，the door was unlocked.
令我驚訝的是門沒有鎖。
②To the surprise of me, he didn’t pass the exam.
令我感到吃驚的是，他沒有通過考試。
③Much to my surprise，they offered me the job.
使我非常驚奇的是，他們把那份工作給了我。
【例句探源】
13.?Why do you look at me ________surprise?
?Because I am surprised________your news.
A．with；by B．in；at
C．a(chǎn)t；for D．on；with
解析：選B。考查固定短語in surprise和be surprised at...分別表示“驚訝地”和“對……感到驚訝”的意思。句意為“你為什么奇怪地看著我？”“因為我對你的消息感到驚訝。”
【即境活用】
14．________，his father allowed him to watch TV after supper.
A．In surpise B．Surprised
C．To his surprise D．Surprise
解析：選C�？疾楣潭ǘ陶Zto one’s surprise表示“令某人驚訝的是”，本句意為“令他感到驚訝的是，他父親允許他晚飯后看電視�！�
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 The action takes place on Peking rooftops，and in places as far away as the deserts of western China.(P52)
打斗的場景發(fā)生在北京的屋頂和遠及中國西部的沙漠。
【句法分析】 本句中的as far away as表示“遠至，一直到……”。一般寫作as far as。此外，as far as 還可以表示“就……而言”。
①You can see as far as the coast.
極目遠眺，你可以看到海岸。
②Aa far as I am concerned，that’s wrong.
在我看來，那是錯誤的。
③As far as I can tell, the whole thing should cost about ￡500.據(jù)我所知的情況來判斷，整件事應該要花大約500英鎊。
④As far as we all know，some 13,000 volunteers，across all age brackets，in seven provinces, have taken part in A (H1N1) vaccine test.
眾所周知，來自7個省份，不同年齡層的約13,000名志愿者已經(jīng)投入到甲流疫苗的測試工作中。
【即境活用】
15．(高考上海卷)In ancient times，people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled________the local market.
A．longer than B．more than
C．a(chǎn)s much as D．a(chǎn)s far as
解析：選D。根據(jù)動詞travel可判斷此處應填和距離有關(guān)的詞組。as far as表示“遠到……”符合語境要求。
16.(高考安徽卷)Just use this room for the time being，and we’ll offer you a larger one________it becomes available.
A．a(chǎn)s soon as B．unless
C．a(chǎn)s far as D．until
解析：選A。句意：暫用這個房間吧，一有可能，我們就會馬上給你提供一個大點的房子。本題考查連詞。as soon as一……就……，引導時間狀語從句。unless除非；as far as遠到，至于；until直到。
② 【教材原句】 But it is generally agreed，that he，more than anyone else in the history of films，understands the meaning of the word “entertainment”．(P59)
但人們通常認為，他比電影史上任何一個人更能理解“娛樂”這個詞的含義。
【句法分析】 it是形式主語，真正的主語是that he understands the meaning of the word“entertainment”這個主語從句。
①It is hoped that our children will carry on our family traditions.
期待我們的孩子能繼承家族的傳統(tǒng)。
②It is thought that the Prime Minister will visit Moscow next month.據(jù)估計首相將于下月訪問莫斯科。
常見的it 作形式主語的句型歸納：
(1)名詞性從句作主語時，可以用it充當形式主語，主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is ＋名詞＋從句：這樣的名詞主要有 a fact, a surprise，an honor，a pity等。
It is ＋形容詞＋從句：這樣的形容詞有 natural，true, strange，necessary，important，obvious，certain，wonderful, possible，impossible，likely等。
It ＋動詞＋從句：這樣的動詞有seem，happen，appear，look，matter，make，occur，(突然想起)等。
It ＋be＋分詞＋從句：這樣的分詞主要有said，reported，believed，known，decided，proved，thought，expected，announced，arranged，hoped，agreed，amusing，puzzling等。
(2)it除了可以替代主語從句外，還可以替代動詞不定式或動名詞作主語。主要結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
It is ＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth....
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth....
③It is a pity that you missed the football match.
你錯過了這場足球賽，太遺憾了！
④It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.
我們城市的多數(shù)人將享受免費醫(yī)療，這是一定的。
⑤It appeared that he had a taste for music.
看來他對音樂有一定的鑒賞力。
⑥It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.
桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出來一只兔子，太有趣了。
⑦It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
與她交談是很快樂的事情。
⑧It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
為灑了的牛奶哭泣是沒有用的。/覆水難收。
17．(高考浙江卷)It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that B．what
C．how D．Whether
解析：選B。句意：盡管說已經(jīng)有兩千名病人服用了這種藥品，但是，這種藥品會帶來什么副作用還不明確。
【即境活用】
本題考查名詞性從句。本題設(shè)空處須引導主語從句，that無實際意義，在從句中不作成份；what什么，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語，還可修飾名詞作定語；how如何，多么；在從句中作方式狀語或修飾形容詞；whether是否，在從句中作狀語，不修飾名詞。side effect 為名詞短語，故須用what修飾。
18.It has been proved________eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because
C．when D．that
解析：選D。句意：業(yè)已證明童年時期多吃蔬菜有助于預防晚年時一些重病的發(fā)生。句中it 作形式主語，后面從句是真正的主語，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故用連接詞that。
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