1.Humble, Lowly, Meek 謙卑

　　Humble: 主要指對自己或自己的地位、成就等表現(xiàn)得謙卑，自感低卑的。

　　Defeat and failure make people humble.

　　Lowly: 較文雅的用語, 指謙遜, 很少用以形容人。

　　He had a lowly heart.

　　Meek: 指性情溫順的 屈從他人的行為或意見

　　He is as meek as a lamb.

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　2.Damage: 主要指造成價值，效用，完整性方面的損壞。

　　The water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the books.

　　Harm: 強調(diào)帶來損失，病痛或痛苦。

　　Though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give it up.

　　Hurt: 尤其指感情或身體遭受創(chuàng)傷。

　　My little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.

　　You hurt my feelings!

　　Injure: 一般常指不公正地對待或冤屈某人，即有意識地侵害別人的權(quán)利或毀壞別人的健康、成就等，也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破壞

　　The gas polluted the 高中學(xué)習(xí)方法 surroundings and injured the health of workers and residents of the area.

　　Spoil: 強烈的毀壞 毀滅之意。指不僅造成價值，精力，興致的損傷，還意味著可能造成某種毀滅或徹底破壞，也有寵壞的意思。

　　John joined the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite behavior.

　　3.Can & Be able to 都可以表示能夠。

　　時態(tài)角度：can通常用來表示現(xiàn)在的一般能力。

　　而當(dāng)表示將來能力時，一般用will be able to。

　　be able to 還表示要經(jīng)過一番努力才能做到的事。

　　If I concentrate on the work, I'll be able to work out the problem.

　　I'll be able to speak French in another few months.

　　4.grateful to & grateful for 都表示感謝。

　　grateful to指 對……表示感激，其中的介詞to表示對象，賓語通常是人或組織團體。

　　grateful for指 為……表示感激，其中的介詞for表示原因，賓語通常是某一件事。

　　I'll be very grateful to you if you will give me an early answer.

　　We're grateful for all that you've done to us.

　　介詞to和for可同時與grateful連用，to短語應(yīng)置于for短語之前。

　　They were particularly grateful to us for our timely help.

　　5.exhausted, tired, tiresome 都與疲勞疲倦有關(guān)。

　　exhausted: 筋疲力盡的，疲憊不堪的，語氣最強。形容人因勞累過度而再無剩余精力或耐力繼續(xù)做某事。在句中可作表語 狀語。當(dāng)它形容物，如資源等時，意為耗盡。

　　I was too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.

　　tired:累的 疲倦的，普通用詞，泛指由于工作緊張或其他原因?qū)е碌钠７�，也可表�?厭倦 不耐煩。

　　常用于短語be tired of (doing) sth. 厭倦做某事。

　　I'm sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.

　　When I first got to U.S.A, I was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.

　　tiresome: 令人厭倦的 討厭的，描寫毫無趣味，易讓人生厭的人或事物，也指單調(diào)重復(fù)的工作使人感到疲勞。

　　The difficulty of abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.

　　6.lonely, lonesome

　　lonely: 孤單的 寂寞的，更強調(diào)指渴望陪伴的孤獨感受。

　　A lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.

　　He spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.

　　lonesome : 無伴的 獨居的，通常表達(dá)分別或喪偶后的孤寂卑涼，含義較為痛切。

　　The house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up and went out on their own.

　　7.familiar with & familiar to 都表示 熟悉。

　　familiar to

　　介詞to后接人稱名詞或代詞的賓格形式。

　　This subject is familiar to us.

　　These are the rules that are familiar to everyone.

　　familiar with

　　介詞with后接事物名詞。

　　They are familiar with English.

　　We are all familiar with the three states of matter.

　　8.Glad & Happy & Pleased

　　glad為 高興的 樂意的，指一時短暫的強烈喜悅，只用于人。只能作表語，不作定語，后接介詞of短語，不定式或that從句。

　　I'm glad of your success in the games.

　　happy為 幸福的 高興的，隱含一種強烈的滿足感，可用于人或事物。它可作定語及表語，后可接介詞 about, at, over, with短語及不定式或that從句。

　　The story has a happy end.

　　pleased為 喜悅的 滿足的，指持續(xù)時間較長的喜悅，只能用于人。它多作表語，很少被用作定語，它的后面可接介詞at, about, with短語，不定式或that從句。

　　There is nothing to be pleased about.

　　Mother was pleased with my full mark in arithmetic.

　　9.Base & Basis 表示 基礎(chǔ) 基地。

　　We camped at the base of the mountain.

　　Our company's base is in New York , but we have extended many branches all around the world.

　　base用來指某物體的具體"基礎(chǔ)"或底部的"支柱"。

　　What's the basis of your opinion?

　　We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.

　　basis則用來表示抽象意義上的"基礎(chǔ)"，常用于比喻句。

　　10.fairly, quite, rather 都用來說明形容詞和副詞的程度。

　　Fairly 相當(dāng) 還算，是這一組詞中語氣最輕的一個。

　　Quite 相當(dāng) 或多或少地 在某種程度上，語氣比fairly稍強。

　　Rather 相當(dāng) 有點 頗，語氣最強。

　　fairly只用于修飾褒義的形容詞和副詞。

　　She is fairly clever.

　　rather主要用于貶義

　　rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly

　　也可用在某些褒義的形容詞和副詞前，具有比fairly更強烈的褒義。

　　相當(dāng)于very: rather good/ well/pretty /clever。

　　若在沒有褒貶意義的詞前用fairly，表示說話人贊同。

　　若用rather，則表示不贊同。

　　She is fairly tall for her age.

　　She is rather tall for her age.

　　rather可與too及比較級連用，而fairly和quite則不可。

　　My mother is rather better today.

　　quite和rather還可和動詞連用，fairly則不可和動詞連用。

　　This does not quite satisfy me.

　　I don't quite follow you.

　　They rather expected to win the match.

　　I rather like her.

　　quite和rather都可修飾名詞，但須放在不定冠詞前。

　　It's rather a pity.

　　當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞時，quite和rather可放在不定冠詞后，也可放在不定冠詞前。

　　They had a quite good time. Or …quite a good time

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