現(xiàn)在分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語動詞中的一種，它運用廣泛、靈活，在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。
一、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式
及物動詞(write)
不及物動詞(go)
形式
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
主動語態(tài)
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
Having been written
having gone
1、現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式：表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時或者幾乎同時發(fā)生。
①She sat there_________________________.她坐在那兒看書。 ②________________________, he shut the door. 進了房間，他關上門。 2、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。
①_________________________for many years, he told us a lot of things about the city. 在那兒住了多年，他告訴了我們關于這個城市的很多事情。 ②________________for ten miles, they felt very tired. 走了十英里路，他們感覺非常疲勞。 3、現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式：表示主動意義，即現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關系。
①______________________, he stays at home to rest. 因為身體不好，他呆在家里休息。 ②___________________________, he practiced the piano. 做完了作業(yè)，他練習鋼琴。 4、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式：表示被動意義，即現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間是被動關系。
①____________________, the building looks very beautiful. 重建之后，這座建筑看上去很漂亮。 ②________________near a fire, the wet clothes will dry quickly. 掛在火爐旁，衣服很快就干了。 5、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式：由not后接分詞構成。
①___________________what to do, we asked him for help. 由于不知道怎么辦才好，我們找他幫忙。 ②____________________the word, he asked the teacher to explain to him. 由于不明白這個詞是什么意思，他讓老師給他解釋。 6、現(xiàn)在分詞短語：現(xiàn)在分詞及其所跟的狀語或賓語一起叫做現(xiàn)在分詞短語.
如: working hard, helping others 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法作用
1、作補足語
現(xiàn)在分詞充當賓語補足語時，對句子的賓語起補充或說明作用，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所表示的動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 ⑴ 常見的可以跟復合賓語的感官動詞有 see, hear, watch, listen to , notice, observe, smell, look at 等以及make, have, get, keep, leave, catch 等使役動詞。如： The teacher caught a boy student cheating in the exam. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一個小男孩在考試中作弊。(a boy student 與 cheat 之間是主動關系) Children like to watch magicians________________________________________. 孩子們喜歡看魔術師表演魔術. _________________________________________.我們經(jīng)�？匆娝凰职执颉� ⑵位于with 復合結(jié)構中。注意根據(jù)賓語的關系確定選用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞。如： With a good coach instructing us , we are sure to win the match. 如果一個好教練指導我們，我 們一定會贏得比賽的。(a good coach 與 instructing 之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系) With the noise____________ (go on),he couldn’t do his homework..外面有吵雜聲他無法做作業(yè)。 With the homework____________(finish), he was allowed to play football. 2、作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系。選用分詞時，一定要看分詞與其邏輯主語(即句子的主語)的關系，如果表示與句子謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，即選用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式；如果分詞的動作先于謂語動作而發(fā)生，就用分詞的完成式�，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中充當時間、原因、方式或伴隨、結(jié)果等狀語。 ⑴表示時間
___________________,she saw an ambulance driving up.她轉(zhuǎn)過身，看見一輛救護車開了過來。 ____________________,he made up his mind to enter.到了那，他決定進去。
⑵表示原因
______________________________________________________,I couldn’t get in touch with him. 由于不知道她的電話號碼，我無法與她取得聯(lián)系。 _____________________________________________________, he hasn’t got much money left. 由于失業(yè)時間長了，他沒剩下多少錢. _____________________________,we’d better go to listen to him.既然已經(jīng)請了他給我們做報告，我們最好還是去聽聽。 ⑶表示伴隨或方式
Helen was sitting by the window,__________________________.海倫正坐在窗子旁，看一本小說。
A crowd of children ran out of the classroom,_______________________________.一群小孩有說有笑的從教室跑了出去。
⑷表示結(jié)果
His parents died,_________________________.他父母死了，給他留下很多錢。
At night, roads are brightly lit,__________________________________.夜晚燈光把馬路照得很亮，使行人和車輛暢通無阻。
注：現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語時，有時前面有一個名詞或代詞作它邏輯上的主語，使現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作不是由句子的主語來執(zhí)行，而是由該邏輯主語來執(zhí)行，這種帶邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞稱為獨立主格結(jié)構。如：
Time permitting, we’ll visit the history museum._________________________
_______________no bus, we had to walk home.沒有公共汽車了，我們只好步行回家。
We explored the caves,________________________ .由 Peter作向?qū)В覀兲讲炝诉@些洞穴。
_____________________,the library was out.由于今天是假日，圖書館關門了。
_____________________,the trees turned green.春天來了，樹都綠了。 3、作定語
分詞短語作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之后，其邏輯主語就是所修飾的名詞或代詞，表示邏輯主語發(fā)出的動作。單個分詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之前�，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。 a sleeping child _____________ _______________________ 等候著的觀眾 a walking dictionary_________________ _______________________ 自來水 _________________________ 困惑不解的表情 The man __________________ is Tom’s father.跟我們校長談話的那個人是Tom的父親。 There were some children _______________ in the river.有些小孩子在河里游泳。 _________________________________________________.正在建的那座大樓是我們公的。 4、作表語
現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主主發(fā)出的動作。需注意amuse, bore, disappoint, discourage,excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch 等動詞常用其現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式作表語。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征，意思是“令人……的”；過去分詞表示主語的狀態(tài)，意思是“感到……的”。 It is very_____________(encourage) to have so many people attending the meeting. What you have told me is very_____________(surprise). The music sounds______________(excite). He said that in a ___________(tremble) and ______________(frighten) voice.語法隨堂練習(6)
一、選擇題
( )1. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited ( ) 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, ___into the woods. A. seizing ; disappeared B. seized ; disappeared C. seizing ; disappearing D. seized ; disappearing ( ) 3. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated ( ) 4. _______ the programme ， they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ( ) 5. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting ( ) 6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke ( ) 7. He glanced over at her, that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted ( ) 8. ,the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ( ) 9. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having ( ) 10. The bell the end of the period rang, our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted ( ) 11. It is believed that if a book is it will surely the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest ( )12. There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed ( )13. This news sounds . A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage ( )14. The nest morning she found the man in bed , dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying ( )15. If you wave you book in front of your face, you can feel the air against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move ( )16. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make ( )17. a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
( )18. “Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
( )19. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks , that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ( )20. The railway in our country will change our life a lot. A. having been built B. being built C. building D. to build ( )21. There no buses, we had to walk home. A. being B. was C. having D. had ( )22. a letter, someone knocked at the door. A. While writing B. While I was writing C. Having written D. During writing ( )23. The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung ( )24. Standing on top of the building , . A. the whole city could be seen B. nothing could be seen C. we could see the whole city D. all could be seen ( )25. The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing ( )26. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you, will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
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