(a)根據(jù)常識(shí)推斷
很多短文所設(shè)計(jì)的題目往往與其它方面的常識(shí)相關(guān)聯(lián)，有時(shí)需結(jié)合或根據(jù)已有的常識(shí)做出判斷。比如解答科學(xué)小品文的題目可能要用到或方面的，解答跟自然科學(xué)有關(guān)的題目可能要用到、方面的等�？窟@些的幫助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加準(zhǔn)確解短文。例如：
One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.
One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to ________.
A. have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴請(qǐng)客人吃飯，所以D項(xiàng)(聚會(huì))不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，卻未明確指出到底請(qǐng)客人吃哪一頓飯。中對(duì)“dinner”一詞的解釋是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 這樣可以將A項(xiàng)排除。至于是B還是C，仍然不能確定。再看下文中的“When it was about six o’clock…”，顯然，快六點(diǎn)了，主人尚未準(zhǔn)備就緒。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，這里的無(wú)疑是下午六點(diǎn)鐘，再結(jié)合“一日三餐”這一常識(shí)，他們請(qǐng)客人吃的只能是晚飯，所以可以推斷出正確答案是C。
(b)根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷
有些題目需根據(jù)短文的意思進(jìn)行數(shù)字運(yùn)算。的“閱讀理解”中的數(shù)據(jù)推算并不要求高深的知識(shí)。在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的中，根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運(yùn)算時(shí)，所涉及的知識(shí)一般都比較簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確理解原文的含義。例如：
03’年安徽蕪湖中考“閱讀理解”短文(D)中有這樣一道題涉及數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算：
If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2008, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About _________.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
閱讀材料中的原文是：
In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now.
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，會(huì)說英語(yǔ)的北京居民的比例將會(huì)由現(xiàn)在的15%提升到30%。所提的問題是：如果到2008年北京的人口達(dá)到15,000,000，會(huì)說英語(yǔ)的人將會(huì)有多少？盡管短文中沒有提到這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，但根據(jù)題意不難推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000
所以答案為B。
(c)根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷
根據(jù)短文中的基本事實(shí)、故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系(如時(shí)間、因果、條件、比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步等，)進(jìn)行深層的理解，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行題目的理解。在邏輯判斷題中，這部分題目是比較難做的。例如：
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (數(shù)據(jù)處理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】顯然，本文采用了對(duì)比的方式來表達(dá)自己對(duì)的看法。前面描寫了計(jì)算機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但作者用however一詞預(yù)示自己將引出相反的觀點(diǎn)，故答案為D。
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.yy-art.cn/chuzhong/52860.html
相關(guān)閱讀：above 與 over的用法區(qū)別