高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的概念:


表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作(有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件)的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。



一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法:


1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。常用的時(shí)間狀語有every...,sometimes,at...,on Sunday等。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。
2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)!
Shang hai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。
3)表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)。?BR>注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。
4)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。
例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多!
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子!  
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。  
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。
第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。



一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)知識(shí)體系:




一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法拓展


1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來:
1)下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開!  
—When does the bus star? 汽車什么時(shí)候開
—It stars in ten minutes. ?十分鐘后。
2)以here, there 等開始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 車來了!  
There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。
例如:When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我!  
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。
4)在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that 等的賓語從句中。
例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。   
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。
2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí):
When, while, before, fter, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case(that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,條件句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。
例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。
3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí):
1)"書上說","報(bào)紙上說"等。
例如:The news paper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的!
2)敘述往事,使其生動(dòng)。
例如:Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破侖的軍隊(duì)正在向前挺進(jìn),大戰(zhàn)開始了
4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
1)有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí),如hear, tell, learn, write, understand, forget, know, find, say, remember等。
例如:I hear(=haveheard)he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦!
I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。
2)用句型"It is…since…"代替"It has been…since…"。
例如:It is(=has been)five years since we last met. 從我們上次見面以來,五年過去了。
5、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如:There goes the bell.鈴響了。

時(shí)態(tài)一致

 
1、如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對(duì)不變的事實(shí),則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時(shí),人們不知道地球是動(dòng)的!
He told me last week that he is eighteen.上星期他告訴我他十八歲了!
2、賓語從句中的,助動(dòng)詞ought, need, must, dare的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。
例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。




相關(guān)高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念:


表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作,或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
例如:She'll becoming soon. 她會(huì)很快來的!  
I'l lbe meeting him sometime in the future. 將來我一定去見他。



將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:   


1、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:   
如:Don't phone me between 5 and 6. We'll be having dinner then. 五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話,那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥垺?  
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 當(dāng)我到家時(shí),我太太可能正在看電視。   
2、表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:   
如:I will be seeing you next week. 我下個(gè)星期來看你。   
I'll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我將度假了。   
We shall be going to London next week.下周我們要去倫敦。   
3、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示委婉語氣:   
如:Will you be having some tea? 喝點(diǎn)茶吧。   
Will you be needing anything else? 你還需要什么嗎?   



將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)別:  


(1)兩者基本用法不一樣:
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,一般將來時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:  
如:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天這個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)在做什么呢?  
What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么?  
(2)兩者均可表示將來,但用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)語氣更委婉:
如:When will you finish these letters? 你什么什候處理完這些信件?(直接詢問,如上司對(duì)下屬)  
When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么時(shí)候見懷特先生?(委婉地詢問,如下屬對(duì)上司)  
When will you pay back the money?你什么時(shí)候還錢?(似乎在直接討債)  
When will you be paying back the money? 這錢你什么時(shí)候還呢?(委婉地商量)  
(3)有時(shí)一般將來中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)則只是單純地談未來情況:  
如:Mary won't pay this bill. 瑪麗不肯付這筆錢。(表意愿)  
Mary won't be paying this bill. 不會(huì)由瑪麗來付錢。(單純談未來情況)




相關(guān)高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):


過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),就是相對(duì)過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻來說已經(jīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)在有直接影響并且還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。放在間接引語或虛擬語氣中時(shí)它的時(shí)態(tài)不能再向前推,向后推是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。   
例如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.   
她在考試之前一直患重感冒。



過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成:

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。   
如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感。   
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?


過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法: 
 
1、表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間。和過去完成時(shí)一樣,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過去時(shí)間為前提。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的時(shí)間。   
如:I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。   
如:They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。   
2、表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。   
如:He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。   
3、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語中。   
如:The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。   
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天呆在哪兒。   
4、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。   
如:I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。   
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister in terrupted her. 她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒,她妹妹就打斷她了。



過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的比較:  


如:She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了,所以很整潔。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)   
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打掃辦公室,所以我們不得不在外面等著。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行)




相關(guān)高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念:


過去將來一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是第一人稱時(shí)用should be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成;主語是第二、三人稱時(shí)用would be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。
例如:He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他說要完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù),需要某種條件。



過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:


過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)常出現(xiàn)在英語間接引語中,其形式為:
(1)would/should+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
(2)was/were+going to be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.
如:He said the project would be finished by the time we reached there.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他說要完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù),需要某種條件。
It was said that they would be selected by lottery. 據(jù)說他們將抽簽選出。



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