① observe vt .& vi. 觀察，注意到；遵守(法律、習(xí)俗等)；
慶祝(節(jié)日等)；評(píng)論，評(píng)述
(回歸課本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully，and his paintings are special because of this.
齊白石對(duì)自然界觀察得很仔細(xì)，他的畫因此而別具特色。
【歸納總結(jié)】
①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.
他一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙不見了。
②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.
本知道有人看到他和瑞安見面了。
③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?
在你們國家是否人人都遵守限制車速的規(guī)定？
④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.
她說這次旅行又長(zhǎng)又累。
【例句探源】
1.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：選C。observe在此句中意為“遵守”。perform履行，執(zhí)行，表演；possess占有，擁有，擺布，支配；support支持，支援。
2．完成句子
Every one is expected to______________________.
人人應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。
答案：observe the traffic rules
【即境活用】
② adopt vt. 采納，采用；收養(yǎng)
(回歸課本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一種被一群藝術(shù)家所采用的繪畫風(fēng)格
【歸納總結(jié)】
①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因?yàn)樗麄儧]有親生兒女，所以決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)孤兒。
②Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
許多建議很快就被采納了。
③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中國政府已正式通過幾條噪音控制方案……
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
adopt，adapt
(1)adopt表示“采納(意見/計(jì)劃/方法)；采用；收養(yǎng)”等。
(2)adapt表示“適應(yīng)”時(shí)常用adapt oneself to，表示“修改(為……之用)”時(shí)常用adapt＋n.＋for use。
①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.
②We’d like to adopt your idea.
3．(高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)ppeal
C．a(chǎn)ttach D．a(chǎn)pply
解析：選A。考查短語辨析。句意：關(guān)于孩子們，好的一點(diǎn)是他們很容易適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adapt to表示“使適應(yīng)于”；appeal to表示“對(duì)……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相關(guān)”；apply to則表示“運(yùn)用，適用于”。根據(jù)語意，故選A項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
4.完成句子
Our school has ________________________________.
我們學(xué)校采用了一個(gè)新的方法。
答案：adopted a new method of teaching
③ stand v． 站立；忍受；承擔(dān)
n． 看臺(tái)；攤子；立場(chǎng)
(回歸課本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金發(fā)女孩兒的畫。
【歸納總結(jié)】
can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物
can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……
stand by袖手旁觀；支持(某人)
stand for代表
stand out顯眼；突出
stand on one’s hands/head倒立
stand on one’s feet獨(dú)立
①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那樣的音樂。
②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.
我不能忍受我的小弟因?yàn)樗沉恕?br />④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.
老師不能忍受被學(xué)生欺騙。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5. Modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
解析：選A。stand在句中表示能夠承受很高和很低的溫度。
6．I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.
She just refuses________talking while she works.
A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop
解析：選C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。
④ reality n． 真實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)；逼真
(回歸課本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality，but not just imitate it.
徐悲鴻認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)，不只是模仿。
【歸納總結(jié)】
①In reality ，my grandfather can no longer walk...
事實(shí)上，我爺爺已經(jīng)不能走路了……
②I realised that he needed help at that time.
我了解到他當(dāng)時(shí)需要幫助。
③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.
她最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了游覽長(zhǎng)城的愿望。
④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.
這本書真實(shí)地描述普通北京人的生活。
【例句探源】
7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the training centre will have to close.
A．reality B．cause C．reason D．result
解析：選A。句意“現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，如果我們不能很快找到新的資金，培訓(xùn)中心就不得不關(guān)閉�！�
8．完成句子
She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.
她說她很窮，但事實(shí)上她很有錢。
答案：in reality
【即境活用】
⑤ put off 推遲；延期
(回歸課本P35)She put off completing the picture，because she didn’t like it.
她把完成這幅畫的時(shí)間推遲了，因?yàn)樗幌矚g這幅畫。
put aside撇開，置之不理；節(jié)省，儲(chǔ)蓄，儲(chǔ)存
put away放好(某物)，儲(chǔ)存
put back推遲，延遲；使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或狀態(tài))
put down寫下，記下；擊敗；批評(píng)
put forward提出；推薦某人
put on穿上，戴上；演出
put out熄滅，撲滅；生產(chǎn)，制造
put up with忍受，忍耐
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日事，今日畢。
②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.
我們得把休假日期推遲，直到你好些為止。
③(朗文P1661)I just don’t have the money right now?I’ll have to put him off for another week.
我現(xiàn)在沒錢??我不得不讓他再等一周。
9.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
(1)Here’s my address－put it ________ in case you forget it.
(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.
(3)Kids，let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.
(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.
(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.
答案：(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with
(5)aside
【即境活用】
10．(高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.
A．put away B．put up
C．put on D．put together
解析：選A。句意：媽媽打開抽屜把刀和勺子收好。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。put away(使用完畢)將某物收起或放進(jìn)抽屜、箱子里；put up 舉起，建造、搭起，張貼等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戲劇)；put together合計(jì)，合起來，組裝。根據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)正確。
⑥ take turns 輪流
(回歸課本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.輪流問問題。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事
by turns輪流
a hand’s turn舉手之勞
in turn反過來；依次
in one’s turn輪到……
【歸納總結(jié)】
① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.
他們輪流開車。
②The students filled in the form in turn.
學(xué)生們依次填表。
③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.
未輪到你時(shí)，不要發(fā)言。
④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.輪到你掃除了。
【例句探源】
11．In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves，and this__________causes pollution and global warming.
A．in turn B．in all
C．take turns D．by turn
解析：選A�！岸烊藗儫喝∨�，這樣反過來又造成了環(huán)境污染和全球變暖�！�
【即境活用】
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)
這是西班牙畫家巴勃羅?畢加索的一幅油畫，他被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)西方最偉大的藝術(shù)家。
【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾Pablo Picasso。過去分詞(短語)作定語，與所修飾詞語之間通常存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，少數(shù)過去分詞也可表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)。
①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府決定重新修復(fù)那座被毀壞的大橋。
②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.
我們廠生產(chǎn)的電動(dòng)車質(zhì)量很高。
③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
這只狐貍被射中了腿部，再也不能奔跑了。
④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打掃地上的落葉。(fallen表完成，不表被動(dòng))
12.(高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
解析：選C。句意：許多被詢問的學(xué)生說他們是被迫練習(xí)彈鋼琴的。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語。students 和question之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)表示要被詢問，不符合語境；C項(xiàng)表示被詢問過的，符合句意。
【即境活用】
13．(高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．to be advertised
C．a(chǎn)dvertising D．having advertised
解析：選A。句意：我打電話來是想詢問一下有關(guān)昨天在《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》上刊登的招聘職位的情況。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語�？崭裉幉糠肿鱬osition的定語，與position在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意“職位已在昨天的報(bào)紙上被刊登”，表示被動(dòng)及完成，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。
② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)？(P38)
你認(rèn)為它怎么樣？
【句法分析】 (1)此句相當(dāng)于What do you think of...？或What’s your opinion of...?
make of 常用于what 引導(dǎo)的疑問句或否定句中。
①What do you make of this latest idea?
你對(duì)這個(gè)最新的計(jì)劃有何看法？
②I didn’t make much of his speech，did you?
我聽不懂他的演講，你呢？
③Make the most of the sunshine，because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.
好好地享受陽光，因?yàn)樵诙煳覀儧]有多少這樣的好天氣。
14．?We have to attract younger customers.
?Exactly！__________
A．You’ve got it right.
B．What do you make of it?
C．That’s all right.
D．Thanks a lot.
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